Endocrine system

Loops occur in response to high hormone levels signaling the body to decrease levels of that hormone and keep it at appropriate levels.

Example of this feedback loop is when thyroid hormones reach a certain level and the hypothalamus stops releasing thyroid stimulating hormone (most of the endocrine system is controlled this way)

Loops occur when hormone levels rise in response to some sort of stimulus when an outside factor is required to shut off the feedback cycle

Example of this feedback loop is labor contractions in response to oxytocin levels during parturition. Oxytocin levels continue to rise and uterine contractions increase until the neonate is delivered and the pressure is stopped

Hormones produced by the body itself

What are hormones typically used for in veterinary practice

Hormones used in veterinary practice to correct an imbalance or achieve a desired effect, can be either synthetic or naturally derived

Glands and the hormones produced

Glands and their physiologic function

Hormones produced and their physiological function

Produces

T3 and T4 are produced in combination with

T3 and T4 regulate the body's metabolism by stimulating cells in the body to produce proteins, this increases metabolism and leads to what

Hyper or hypo

A condition generally specific to feline patients

Treatment is supplementation of levothyroxine by synthetic means and monitoring of T3 and T4 blood levels

Treatment drug for hyperthyroidism

Can be treated with a diet that limits iodine content to prevent absorption of iodine by the thyroid gland

Treatment can involve thyroidectomy or administration of radioactive iodine (1-131)

Can cause thrombocytopenia and HMA in cats

Match complications and warning

Its function in the endocrine is production of hormones to control blood sugar level, its function in the GI system is production of enzymes that aid in digestion

________ helps the body utilize glucose, it is continuously secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas at a low level and secretion is increased in response to blood sugar levels. When blood glucose levels fall, the secretion of this hormone by the pancreatic islet beta cells decreases

Increases glucose levels in the blood and is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood glucose is low. When blood glucose is high none of this hormone is secreted by the alpha cells

Has its greatest effect on the liver, causing it to release glucose stored in its cells into the bloodstream

Drug name and common use

Caused by a lack of or reduction in the amount f ADH in the body, resulting in the kidneys being unable to absorb water

Disorder of fat, carbohydrate and protein metabolism caused by a lack of insulin or the inefficient use or production of insulin

Diabetes mellitus

Most cats have

Insulin that must be shaken (any other insulin should not be shaken because the drug will clump resulting in inactivation of the insulin)

Type of insulin mostly used in cats

Adrenocortical insufficiency/hypoadrenocorticism/hypocortisolism is known as what

A deficient production of corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids

Clinical signs are Lethargy, muscular weakness, anorexia, low body temp, bradycardia, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria and polydipsia

Hyperadrenocorticism/excessive glucocorticoid production is known as what

Used for the ACTH stimulation test (more than one answer

Commonly used for hypoadrenocoticism, high doses may cause pt to show signs of hyperadrenocorticism

Used for Cushing's disease, too much can destroy adrenal glands and cause Addison's disease. May cause vomiting lethargy, and ataxia at the start of the treatment.

Match

Used to treat pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs, feline pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and equine hyperadrenocorticism

How is cushing's disease diagnoses

How is addison's disease diagnosed

What does treatment of addison's disease involve

Commonly used for estrus suppression (equine), regulation of estrus synchronization (equine & porcine), maintenance of pregnancy

Commonly used for estrogen-responsive urinary incontinency; previously used to prevent pregnancy in cases of unintended canine or feline mating

Cattle estrus synchronization

Treatment of urinary incontinence in dogs (do not administer to pregnant animals

Can give to anemic animals to stimulate production of RBC

Can be used for estrus suppression in dogs but can cause pyometra

Steroids can be used for incontinent animals

Primary sex steroid (especially for cattle going to slaughter) bc it increases water retention, protein synthesis, growth hormone release and fat deposition

Give to kids that are not growing

Use for treatment of non regenerative anemia or secondary anemia due to renal failure