Endocrine System Control

<p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate blood composition and maintain homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce tropic hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates milk secretion from mammary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintains calcium homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential for T lymphocyte development and immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raises heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates Na and H2O reabsorption in kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulates blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promotes glucose uptake in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates liver to convert glycogen into glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppresses appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endocrine system is responsible for rapid, short-term responses to stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocrine gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To affect DNA and mRNA transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate metabolism and water balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mode of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, whereas exocrine glands have ducts and secrete externally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steroid hormone receptors affect DNA and mRNA, and are typically located inside the cell nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upregulation is the process of increasing sensitivity of receptors, allowing for more effective hormone binding and response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acid hormones are protein-based and act through cell surface receptors, whereas steroid hormones are lipid-based and act through nuclear receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus integrates nervous and endocrine responses, controlling various bodily functions through hormone secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones regulate metabolism, water balance, and stress response by binding to specific receptors and triggering various cellular responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pancreas secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream, and also secretes digestive enzymes externally through ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones regulate cell activity through various mechanisms, including changing cell permeability, altering enzyme activity, and stimulating protein synthesis, a process known as hormone action or hormone signaling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the thyroid hormone is to control energy metabolism and heat production. It requires dietary iodine for production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, which trigger the 'fight or flight' response by raising heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main function of the parathyroid hormone is to increase blood calcium levels, which it achieves by acting on bone tissue, intestines, and kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thymus gland is essential for T lymphocyte development and immunity, and it produces the hormone thymosin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucocorticoids, such as cortisone and cortisol, maintain blood glucose levels by converting fats and amino acids into glucose. In response to long-term stress, cortisol production increases, stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the pancreas is to regulate blood glucose levels, and the two main types of cells in the Islets of Langerhans are alpha cells, which secrete glucagon, and beta cells, which secrete insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex is to regulate sex characteristics, and the majority of these hormones are androgens, primarily testosterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus regulates the endocrine system by producing releasing and inhibiting hormones that stimulate or inhibit the production of other hormones, and it also produces antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of erythropoietin is to stimulate red blood cell production, and it is produced by the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The function of atrial natriuretic peptide is to stimulate sodium excretion, and it is produced by the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neural control regulates hormone secretion through nerve fibers that stimulate hormone release. The hypothalamus plays a key role in this process, as it can be influenced by the nervous system and integrates neural and endocrine system responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormonal control involves a hierarchical chain of command, where the hypothalamus directs the pituitary gland, which then stimulates other endocrine glands. Humoral control, on the other hand, monitors substances in body fluids and takes corrective actions when imbalances are detected. Both mechanisms help maintain homeostasis through negative feedback loops and the regulation of hormone secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tropic hormones, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones. Examples of tropic hormones include ACTH, TSH, FSH, and LH, which regulate hormone secretion in the adrenal cortex, thyroid, ovaries, and testes, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth hormone acts directly on tissues to stimulate muscle, cartilage, and bone growth, and also mobilizes fats for energy use. Prolactin, on the other hand, stimulates mammary glands for milk production. Both hormones play important roles in regulating various physiological processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus regulates metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature by integrating nervous and endocrine system responses. It produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate hormone secretion in other endocrine glands, and also responds to changes in blood composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, increasing blood glucose levels. Insulin, on the other hand, promotes glucose uptake in body tissues, decreasing blood glucose levels. The balance between glucagon and insulin secretion helps maintain normal blood glucose levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pituitary gland regulates hormone secretion by producing tropic hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands. It also responds to changes in hormone levels, regulating hormone secretion through negative feedback loops. The pituitary gland interacts with other endocrine glands, such as the adrenal cortex, thyroid, and gonads, to regulate hormone secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endocrine system responds to changes in hormone levels through negative feedback loops, which terminate hormone secretion when levels are high. This helps maintain homeostasis by regulating hormone secretion and preventing excessive hormone production.</p> Signup and view all the answers