Hormone Hypothesis in Muscle Hypertrophy
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Questions and Answers

What was observed about muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in a 'basal' hormonal environment post-training?

  • MPS increased despite the absence of an anabolic hormonal environment (correct)
  • MPS could only occur with weight training
  • There was no increase in MPS
  • MPS was dependent on high testosterone levels

    • Women cannot increase MPS without high post-exercise testosterone levels.

    False

    What factors are likely responsible for hypertrophy rather than the acute hormonal environment?

    Intrinsic mechanisms of the muscle

    The interference effect in concurrent training can limit adaptations of ___ and ___ training.

    <p>strength, endurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes strength training?

    <p>Short duration with high/maximal intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following training types with their characteristics:

    <p>Strength Training = Short duration, high force, anaerobic Endurance Training = Medium to long duration, low force, varied intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hormonal spike is significantly large compared to the normal diurnal variation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two categories of responders to hypertrophy training programs?

    <p>Responders and Non-responders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely impact of endurance training on power?

    <p>It likely negatively impacts power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concurrent training cannot improve both strength and aerobic capacity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered regarding the order of training sessions in a day?

    <p>Consider the type of training that is performed first, as it may affect subsequent performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protein turnover includes both ________ and ________ states.

    <p>anabolic, catabolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Hypertrophy = Increase in muscle size Strength = Maximal force exerted Power = Rate of performing work Endurance = Ability to sustain prolonged physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of training may have less effect on strength?

    <p>High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endurance training can lead to a significant increase in muscle protein synthesis for several hours.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both concurrent groups showed a similar increase in ________.

    <p>VO2peak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is NOT mentioned as influencing muscle hypertrophy?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypertrophy can only occur when there are acute hormonal responses post-exercise.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the traditional view regarding hormones and muscle hypertrophy?

    <p>Increases in GH, T, and IGF-1 are necessary for hypertrophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevations in GH, T, and IGF-1 typically occur in training protocols with __________ volume.

    <p>high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors with their impact on muscle hypertrophy:

    <p>High volume = Stimulates hormonal response Limited rest periods = Enhances metabolic stress Moderate to high intensity = Promotes muscle damage Large muscle mass = Increases overall strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to contemporary thinking, what is the stance on hormonal influence in hypertrophy?

    <p>Acute hormonal changes are not necessary for hypertrophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concurrent training effect refers to the competition between strength and endurance training for adaptations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two possible responder training effects in muscle growth?

    <p>Genetic predisposition and training history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hormone Hypothesis

    • Traditional view: Elevations in GH, T, and IGF-1 are key to muscle hypertrophy.
    • Contemporary view: Muscle hypertrophy can occur without a major hormonal response.

    Testing The Hormone Hypothesis

    • Study used elbow flexors as the muscle group.
    • Post-training conditions were either "basal" or "high" hormonal environment through lower body training.
    • Increases in MPS in "basal" condition despite lack of anabolic hormones.
    • Greater MPS was not seen in the "high" hormonal condition.

    Arguments Against the Hormone Hypothesis

    • Women can have substantial MPS without high post-exercise testosterone.
    • Hypertrophy "responders" and "non-responders" are not explained by hormonal response.
    • Post-exercise hormonal spike is small compared to natural daily fluctuation.
    • Intrinsic muscle mechanisms likely drive hypertrophy, not acute hormonal environment.

    Concurrent Training & Interference

    • Most sports require a combination of strength and endurance.
    • Training for both simultaneously may limit adaptation.
    • Strength training is high intensity, short duration, and anaerobic.
    • Endurance training is low force, medium to long duration, and various intensities.

    Concurrent Training Concepts

    • Muscle protein accretion is crucial for increasing muscle cross-sectional area.
    • Endurance training can temporarily decrease muscle protein synthesis for several hours.
    • Strength training during this period may negatively impact hypertrophy.
    • The interference effect may impact strength and power.

    Concurrent Training Mechanisms

    • Endurance training mode is important, with power likely more negatively impacted.
    • No decrements in aerobic performance.
    • Running based concurrent training showed different outcomes than power-based activity.

    Impact of Endurance Training on Strength, Hypertrophy, and Power

    • Impact depends on the frequency and duration of endurance training.

    Concurrent Training Outcomes

    • No difference in 1RM leg press gains between separate and concurrent groups.
    • Both concurrent training groups experienced similar increases in VO2 peak.
    • CounterMovement Jump performance reduced when resistance training was performed before HIIT.
    • Concurrent training can improve strength and aerobic capacity.
    • Consider training order if the goal is to improve power.

    Concurrent Training Recommendations

    • Separate strength and endurance training on different days or with as much time between as possible.
    • Consider nutritional support.
    • HIIT may have less impact on strength.
    • Consider training order within a day.

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    Description

    Explore the contrasting views on the hormone hypothesis regarding muscle hypertrophy. This quiz delves into the impact of growth hormone, testosterone, and their role in muscle growth. Examine contemporary findings surrounding hormonal responses and intrinsic muscle mechanisms.

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