Homology and Evolution Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which scientist is credited with founding taxonomy, the branch of biology that organizes species into a nested classification system?

  • Linnaeus (correct)
  • Hutton
  • Cuvier
  • Darwin

    • Which philosopher viewed species as fixed and arranged them on a scala naturae?

  • Hutton
  • Aristotle (correct)
  • Darwin
  • Linnaeus

    • Who speculated that each boundary between strata represents a catastrophe that destroyed many species?

  • Hutton
  • Lyell
  • Cuvier (correct)
  • Linnaeus

    • Which geologists perceived that changes in Earth’s surface can result from slow, continuous actions still operating today?

    <p>James Hutton and Charles Lyell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which book marked the beginning of a new era in biology?

    <p>The Origin of Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did 'On the Origin of Species' focus on?

    <p>The great diversity of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main research focus of the Behavioral Neurophysiology Lab?

    <p>Internal sensory detection in animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist proposed that the mechanisms of change are constant over time?

    <p>Lyell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lamarck hypothesize about species evolution?

    <p>Species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin observe about fossils and living species during his travels on the Beagle?

    <p>Fossils resembled living species from the same region, and living species resembled other species from nearby regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin hypothesize about the Galápagos finches?

    <p>Species from South America had colonized the Galápagos and speciated on the islands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the similarity resulting from common ancestry?

    <p>Homology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are homologous structures?

    <p>anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the evolution of similar features in distantly related groups?

    <p>Convergent evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fossil record provide evidence of?

    <p>Extinction of species, origin of new groups, and changes within groups over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Charles Darwin write in 1844?

    <p>An essay on natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is natural selection?

    <p>A process where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Darwin receive a manuscript from Alfred Russell Wallace?

    <p>In June 1858</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin argue about the modification of species in nature?

    <p>A similar process occurs in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two observations did Darwin draw inferences from?

    <p>Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of natural selection?

    <p>Individuals with certain heritable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four types of data that document the pattern of evolution?

    <p>Direct observations, homology, the fossil record, and biogeography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of direct observation of natural selection?

    <p>Change in a population's food source resulting in evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a scientific theory do?

    <p>Accounts for many observations and explains and integrates a great variety of phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the predictions of a scientific theory do?

    <p>Stand up to continual testing by experimentation and observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection do?

    <p>Integrates diverse areas of biological study and stimulates many new research questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an experiment?

    <p>A scientific test, often carried out under controlled conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Karl Popper, what can be done with a theory in the empirical sciences?

    <p>It can be falsified, meaning that it can (and should) be examined with decisive experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a hypothesis be according to the text?

    <p>Testable and falsifiable</p> Signup and view all the answers

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