Homology and Evolution Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which scientist is credited with founding taxonomy, the branch of biology that organizes species into a nested classification system?

  • Linnaeus (correct)
  • Hutton
  • Cuvier
  • Darwin

Which philosopher viewed species as fixed and arranged them on a scala naturae?

  • Hutton
  • Aristotle (correct)
  • Darwin
  • Linnaeus

Who speculated that each boundary between strata represents a catastrophe that destroyed many species?

  • Hutton
  • Lyell
  • Cuvier (correct)
  • Linnaeus

Which geologists perceived that changes in Earth’s surface can result from slow, continuous actions still operating today?

<p>James Hutton and Charles Lyell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which book marked the beginning of a new era in biology?

<p>The Origin of Species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did 'On the Origin of Species' focus on?

<p>The great diversity of organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main research focus of the Behavioral Neurophysiology Lab?

<p>Internal sensory detection in animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist proposed that the mechanisms of change are constant over time?

<p>Lyell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Lamarck hypothesize about species evolution?

<p>Species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin observe about fossils and living species during his travels on the Beagle?

<p>Fossils resembled living species from the same region, and living species resembled other species from nearby regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin hypothesize about the Galápagos finches?

<p>Species from South America had colonized the Galápagos and speciated on the islands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the similarity resulting from common ancestry?

<p>Homology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are homologous structures?

<p>anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the evolution of similar features in distantly related groups?

<p>Convergent evolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the fossil record provide evidence of?

<p>Extinction of species, origin of new groups, and changes within groups over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Charles Darwin write in 1844?

<p>An essay on natural selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is natural selection?

<p>A process where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Darwin receive a manuscript from Alfred Russell Wallace?

<p>In June 1858 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin argue about the modification of species in nature?

<p>A similar process occurs in nature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two observations did Darwin draw inferences from?

<p>Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of natural selection?

<p>Individuals with certain heritable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of data that document the pattern of evolution?

<p>Direct observations, homology, the fossil record, and biogeography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of direct observation of natural selection?

<p>Change in a population's food source resulting in evolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a scientific theory do?

<p>Accounts for many observations and explains and integrates a great variety of phenomena (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must the predictions of a scientific theory do?

<p>Stand up to continual testing by experimentation and observation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection do?

<p>Integrates diverse areas of biological study and stimulates many new research questions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an experiment?

<p>A scientific test, often carried out under controlled conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Karl Popper, what can be done with a theory in the empirical sciences?

<p>It can be falsified, meaning that it can (and should) be examined with decisive experiments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a hypothesis be according to the text?

<p>Testable and falsifiable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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