24 Questions
What is formed when mercury (II) oxide is broken down by heat?
Mercury and oxygen
Which term describes a mixture with a composition that varies from point to point?
Heterogeneous mixture
What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?
Uniform mixture
Which separation technique is suitable for separating a heterogeneous mixture into its components?
Filtration
What physical change occurs when Italian dressing settles into separate layers?
Separation
Which type of mixture appears visually consistent throughout and has a uniform composition?
Homogeneous mixture
Which type of mixture is a sports drink, according to the text?
Homogeneous mixture
Why is oil and vinegar salad dressing classified as a heterogeneous mixture?
Because its composition is not uniform throughout
What distinguishes compounds from mixtures, as mentioned in the text?
Their specific composition and properties
How do we classify matter based on its composition?
By its physical and chemical properties
What makes a physical change different from a chemical change?
Physical changes are reversible, while chemical changes are not.
Which type of mixture is air, according to the text?
Homogeneous mixture
Which category of matter has a constant composition and all specimens have exactly the same makeup and properties?
Compound
What is the term for pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes?
Elements
Which technique is used to separate the components of a heterogeneous mixture based on the different boiling points of the substances?
Distillation
What type of mixture is air, where oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases are uniformly distributed?
Homogeneous mixture
Which term refers to pure substances that can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes?
Compounds
What classification of matter includes mixtures and pure substances?
Mixtures
How are elements classified in the periodic table?
By atomic number and chemical properties
What physical properties distinguish metals from nonmetals?
Malleable and lustrous
In the periodic table, what do elements in the same group have in common?
Similar physical properties
What makes metalloids unique in terms of their properties?
They exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals
How many periods does the periodic table have?
7 periods
What is the primary factor used to arrange elements in the periodic table?
Atomic number
Study Notes
Classification of Matter
- Matter can be classified into two broad categories: mixtures and pure substances
- A pure substance has a constant composition, with all specimens having the same makeup and properties
- Pure substances can be further divided into two classes: elements and compounds
Elements
- Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes
- There are over 100 known elements, with about 90 occurring naturally on earth and two dozen created in laboratories
- Examples of elements include iron, silver, gold, aluminum, sulfur, oxygen, and copper
Compounds
- Compounds are pure substances that can be broken down by chemical changes into elements or other compounds
- Examples of compounds include mercury (II) oxide, which can be broken down into mercury and oxygen when heated
Mixtures
- Mixtures are composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes
- Mixtures can be classified into two categories: heterogeneous and homogeneous
Heterogeneous Mixtures
- Heterogeneous mixtures have a composition that varies from point to point
- Examples of heterogeneous mixtures include Italian dressing, chocolate chip cookies, and granite
- In these mixtures, the components can be separated and may settle out, resulting in different compositions at different points
Homogeneous Mixtures (Solutions)
- Homogeneous mixtures, also called solutions, have a uniform composition throughout
- Examples of homogeneous mixtures include sports drinks, air, maple syrup, gasoline, and a solution of salt in water
- Each part of a homogeneous mixture has the same composition and properties
Periodic Table of Elements
- The periodic table is a list of all known elements, organized by atomic number and chemical properties
- Dmitri Mendeleev was the first to classify elements in the periodic table
- The periodic table is arranged in a way that elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together
- The table is arranged in horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups)
Properties of Elements
- Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, are malleable, ductile, and lustrous
- Nonmetals are poor conductors, brittle, and may not be malleable or ductile
- Metalloids exhibit some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals
Test your knowledge about homogeneous mixtures, such as sports drinks, where components are uniformly mixed together. Learn about examples like air, maple syrup, and gasoline.
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