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Questions and Answers
What is formed when mercury (II) oxide is broken down by heat?
Which term describes a mixture with a composition that varies from point to point?
What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?
Which separation technique is suitable for separating a heterogeneous mixture into its components?
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What physical change occurs when Italian dressing settles into separate layers?
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Which type of mixture appears visually consistent throughout and has a uniform composition?
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Which type of mixture is a sports drink, according to the text?
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Why is oil and vinegar salad dressing classified as a heterogeneous mixture?
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What distinguishes compounds from mixtures, as mentioned in the text?
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How do we classify matter based on its composition?
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What makes a physical change different from a chemical change?
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Which type of mixture is air, according to the text?
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Which category of matter has a constant composition and all specimens have exactly the same makeup and properties?
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What is the term for pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes?
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Which technique is used to separate the components of a heterogeneous mixture based on the different boiling points of the substances?
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What type of mixture is air, where oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases are uniformly distributed?
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Which term refers to pure substances that can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes?
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What classification of matter includes mixtures and pure substances?
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How are elements classified in the periodic table?
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What physical properties distinguish metals from nonmetals?
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In the periodic table, what do elements in the same group have in common?
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What makes metalloids unique in terms of their properties?
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How many periods does the periodic table have?
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What is the primary factor used to arrange elements in the periodic table?
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Study Notes
Classification of Matter
- Matter can be classified into two broad categories: mixtures and pure substances
- A pure substance has a constant composition, with all specimens having the same makeup and properties
- Pure substances can be further divided into two classes: elements and compounds
Elements
- Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes
- There are over 100 known elements, with about 90 occurring naturally on earth and two dozen created in laboratories
- Examples of elements include iron, silver, gold, aluminum, sulfur, oxygen, and copper
Compounds
- Compounds are pure substances that can be broken down by chemical changes into elements or other compounds
- Examples of compounds include mercury (II) oxide, which can be broken down into mercury and oxygen when heated
Mixtures
- Mixtures are composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes
- Mixtures can be classified into two categories: heterogeneous and homogeneous
Heterogeneous Mixtures
- Heterogeneous mixtures have a composition that varies from point to point
- Examples of heterogeneous mixtures include Italian dressing, chocolate chip cookies, and granite
- In these mixtures, the components can be separated and may settle out, resulting in different compositions at different points
Homogeneous Mixtures (Solutions)
- Homogeneous mixtures, also called solutions, have a uniform composition throughout
- Examples of homogeneous mixtures include sports drinks, air, maple syrup, gasoline, and a solution of salt in water
- Each part of a homogeneous mixture has the same composition and properties
Periodic Table of Elements
- The periodic table is a list of all known elements, organized by atomic number and chemical properties
- Dmitri Mendeleev was the first to classify elements in the periodic table
- The periodic table is arranged in a way that elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together
- The table is arranged in horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups)
Properties of Elements
- Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, are malleable, ductile, and lustrous
- Nonmetals are poor conductors, brittle, and may not be malleable or ductile
- Metalloids exhibit some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals
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Description
Test your knowledge about homogeneous mixtures, such as sports drinks, where components are uniformly mixed together. Learn about examples like air, maple syrup, and gasoline.
