Homeostatic Control: Maintaining Internal Balance

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of homeostasis in the human body?

  • To allow the body to adapt to extreme external conditions without internal adjustments.
  • To facilitate rapid changes in body temperature.
  • To promote homeostatic imbalance to stimulate body adaptations.
  • To maintain a stable internal environment. (correct)

Which of the following best describes a 'set point' in the context of homeostatic control?

  • The range of values within which a controlled variable should be maintained. (correct)
  • The normal upper limit of a regulated variable.
  • The ideal environmental condition for optimal organismal function.
  • The specific value at which a control center operates.

Which component of a homeostatic control mechanism is responsible for detecting changes in the environment?

  • The stimulus.
  • The integrator.
  • The receptor. (correct)
  • The effector.

What is the primary role of the control center in a homeostatic mechanism?

<p>To analyze information and determine the appropriate response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a negative feedback loop, what effect does the response have on the initial stimulus?

<p>It shuts off or reduces the stimulus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

<p>Body temperature regulation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically results from a homeostatic imbalance?

<p>Disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how the body maintains homeostasis when internal body temperature rises above normal?

<p>Sweat glands are activated to cool the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do hormones play in maintaining homeostasis?

<p>They act as messengers in the body's control systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the body typically respond to a decrease in blood glucose levels to maintain homeostasis?

<p>By converting glycogen into glucose in the liver. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing characteristic of positive feedback mechanisms compared to negative feedback?

<p>Positive feedback amplifies the initial stimulus; negative feedback reduces it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process exemplifies a positive feedback loop in the human body?

<p>Blood clotting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxytocin in childbirth, and how does it relate to positive feedback?

<p>Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions, which in turn cause more oxytocin to be released, creating a positive feedback loop. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ectotherms regulate their body temperature?

<p>By relying on external sources of heat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the metabolic rate of endotherms compare to that of ectotherms?

<p>Endotherms have a significantly higher metabolic rate than ectotherms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategies do ectotherms use to regulate their body temperature?

<p>Behavioral adaptations such as basking in the sun or seeking shade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do endotherms require more food compared to ectotherms?

<p>Because endotherms use more energy to maintain a stable internal temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vasoconstriction in the skin when body temperature falls?

<p>It reduces heat loss from the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does shivering help increase body temperature?

<p>By increasing metabolic rate through muscle activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which response helps to cool the body when it overheats?

<p>Blood vessel dilation in the skin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person's body fails to regulate blood sugar levels effectively, leading to consistently high blood sugar, which condition might they develop?

<p>Hyperglycemia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely effect of a medication that blocks receptors involved in detecting an imbalance?

<p>Reduced ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage for ectotherms in having low metabolic rates?

<p>They require less food to survive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a desert lizard behaviorally regulate its body temperature during a hot day?

<p>By seeking shade to avoid direct sunlight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between rising body temperature and sweat production?

<p>Rising body temperature stimulates sweat production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the hypothalamus contribute to maintaining body temperature?

<p>By detecting temperature changes and signaling the body to respond. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of insulin in glucose homeostasis?

<p>To decrease blood glucose levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does glucagon raise blood glucose levels?

<p>By stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be a likely consequence of damage to the sweat glands?

<p>Difficulty regulating body temperature in hot environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely outcome when positive feedback controls a physiological process?

<p>A change is amplified until a specific endpoint is reached. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the process of childbirth considered an example of positive feedback?

<p>Because uterine contractions increase as labor progresses, leading to more contractions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an imbalance happens in the body?

<p>The imbalance can result in disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do endotherms achieve a rise in body temperature?

<p>They generate heat through metabolism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a stable internal environment.

Homeostatic imbalance

A disturbance in homeostasis, potentially leading to illness.

Neural and hormonal control systems

The body communicates through these control systems to maintain homeostasis.

Receptor

Responds to environmental changes (stimuli) and sends information to the control center.

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Control center

Determines the set point, analyzes information, and determines the appropriate response.

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Effector

Provides a means for response to the stimulus. (glands or muscles)

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Negative feedback

Shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

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Positive feedback

Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther.

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Endotherm

A type of animal that warms mostly by heat generated by metabolism.

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Ectotherm

A type of animal that gains most of its heat from external sources.

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Vascular spasm

Smooth muscle contracts, causing a decrease in blood vessel diameter.

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Platelet plug formation

Injury exposes collagen fibers; platelets adhere and become sticky, forming a plug.

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Coagulation

Fibrin forms a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets & creates a stable barrier.

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Study Notes

  • Homeostatic control mechanisms maintain stable internal environment.
  • Homeostasis is essential for normal body function and sustaining life.
  • Homeostatic imbalance leads to disturbances and diseases.
  • Three components interact: receptors, integrators, and effectors.
  • The body communicates through neural and hormone control systems.
  • A receptor responds to changes (stimuli) in the environment.
  • Receptors in the body transmit information to the control center.
  • The control center determines a set point, analyzes the information, and determines the appropriate response.
  • An effector provides the means for responding to the stimulus.

Feedback Mechanisms

  • Negative feedback includes most homeostatic control mechanisms
  • Negative feedback counteracts the original stumulus or reduces its intensity
  • Negative feedback works like a household thermostat to maintain optimal environment by reducing the degree of the stimulus

Endotherm

  • Endotherm are internal
  • They are warmed mostly by heat generated by metabolism
  • They has a high metabolism

Ectotherm

  • Ectotherm obtains energy directly from external environmnet
  • It gains most of heat from external sources
  • It has low metabolism

Positive feedback

  • It increases the original stimulus to push farther which is the opposite of negative feedback
  • In the body this only occurs in birth and blood clotting

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