Homeostasis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following layers of an artery is responsible for its thickness and security?

Tunica adventitia

Tunica media (correct)

Tunica intima

All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign of PPID in horses?

Increased red blood cell count (correct)

Laminitis

Hypertrichosis

Increased susceptibility to infection

What is the primary hormone involved in the regulation of the pituitary gland in horses?

Dopamine (correct)

Insulin

ACTH

Cortisol

What is the role of the pars intermedia portion of the pituitary gland?

Producing and releasing ACTH (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the horse's heart?

Aorta (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is a horse with PPID more susceptible to laminitis?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets in the blood?

Blood clotting (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended supplement for horses with PPID to help build topline?

Lysine, methionine, threonine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?

The hypothalamus detects changes in blood temperature and initiates negative feedback mechanisms. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by horses to regulate their body temperature when they are too hot?

Blood vessel contraction near the skin surface (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood glucose levels when insulin is released?

Blood glucose levels decrease. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?

Transportation of nutrients and oxygen. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of veins in the circulatory system?

To carry blood towards the heart. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of negative feedback in homeostasis?

A change in a regulated variable triggers a response that counteracts the change. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of behavioral thermoregulation in horses?

Seeking shade on a hot day (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Homeostasis

Homeostasis maintains internal conditions through negative feedback loops.
Mechanisms include thermoregulation, osmoregulation, and blood glucose regulation.
Thermoregulation: Horses (endotherms) maintain a body temperature of 37.5°C.
- If body temperature drops, the hypothalamus triggers negative feedback mechanisms: shivering, vasoconstriction (constricted blood vessels), piloerection (hair standing up), and fat mobilization for heat production.
- If body temperature rises, the body responds with vasodilation (dilated blood vessels), piloerection reduction, sweating, and behavioral adjustments (seeking shade, water).
Blood Glucose Regulation: Pancreas cells detect glucose levels.
- High blood glucose: Insulin release to store glucose, prevent fat production.
- Low blood glucose: Glycogen release from the liver, glucose synthesis from amino acids.
Osmoregulation: Regulates water and electrolyte balance in the body.

Circulatory System

Transports nutrients, waste, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones.
Regulates pH and temperature.
Components: Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), blood.
- Capillaries: One cell thick for nutrient/hormone exchange and gas exchange.
- Veins: Carry blood to the heart; often have valves to prevent backflow.
- Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart; multiple layers forming thick walls to withstand pressure.
- Blood: Contains erythrocytes (red blood cells), plasma, platelets, and leukocytes (white blood cells).
  - Platelets: Essential for blood clotting.
  - Erythrocytes: Transport oxygen.
- Heart: 4 chambers (right/left atrium and ventricle)
  - Horse heart: ~4kg; deoxygenated blood travels to lungs, oxygenated blood returns to the heart, then to the body.

Cushing's Disease (PPID)

Endocrine disorder caused by pituitary gland dysfunction (often due to age and oxidative stress).
PPID: Dopamine deficiency leading to ACTH overproduction.
Clinical Signs: Hypertrichosis (excessive hair), weight loss, increased susceptibility to infections and laminitis, frequent urination
Diagnosis: Clinical signs and blood ACTH test.
Treatment: Prascend (medication).
Management: Dietary adjustments (reduce sugar/starch), supplements:
- Amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine) for topline development
- Antioxidants
- Omega-3 fatty acids for inflammatory balance
- Adaptogens to help the immune system.
Additional Testing: Oral sugar tolerance test can identify insulin resistance to further tailor the management plan.

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Description

Test your understanding of homeostasis and its mechanisms, including thermoregulation, osmoregulation, and blood glucose regulation. This quiz will challenge you on how these processes help maintain internal stability in the body through negative feedback loops.