Homeostasis and Negative Feedback Mechanisms

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Questions and Answers

Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body?

  • Connective tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
  • Nervous tissue (correct)
  • Muscular tissue

What is the main function of epithelial tissue?

  • Protecting, absorbing, excreting, secreting, and sensing (correct)
  • Contracting to produce movement
  • Providing support and structure
  • Transmitting nerve impulses

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue?

  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
  • Nervous (correct)
  • Cardiac

What is the role of connective tissue in the body?

<p>Connecting, supporting, and protecting other tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the graph, what is the independent variable?

<p>Flavor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the null hypothesis (H0) for the graph comparing lemon and orange flavors?

<p>There is no significant difference in the number of people who prefer lemon versus orange. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when there is an overlap between the error bars of two samples?

<p>The difference between those two samples is not statistically significant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sample has the highest variability in the graph?

<p>Te (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the endocrine system in relation to homeostasis?

<p>To release hormones that influence various bodily functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism used to regulate most physiological processes in the body?

<p>Negative feedback (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physiological variable that needs to be maintained within certain limits for homeostasis?

<p>Muscle strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the context of thermoregulation?

<p>It serves as the control center, integrating information and initiating responses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the blood glucose regulation diagram, what is the role of insulin?

<p>It promotes the conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alpha cells in the pancreas in relation to blood glucose levels?

<p>They produce glucagon to raise blood glucose levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following levels of organization is characterized by a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

<p>Tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct hierarchical order of the levels of organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

<p>Cell, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Organism

A living entity made up of tissues that work together for specific activities.

Muscular Tissue

Tissue that aids in motion, maintains posture, and generates heat in the body.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue that initiates and transmits nerve impulses across the body.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that connects, supports, and protects other tissues and organs.

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Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that protects, absorbs, secretes, and senses things from the environment.

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Cardiac Muscle

Type of muscle tissue found in the heart that enables pumping.

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Skeletal Muscle

Type of muscle tissue attached to bones, enabling voluntary movement.

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Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found in organs like the intestines and blood vessels.

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Homeostasis

Regulation of the internal environment of an organism.

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Physiological variables

Conditions that must remain within limits, like pH and temperature.

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Negative Feedback

Mechanism where the body counteracts changes to maintain balance.

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Hypothalamus

Part of the brain that controls body temperature.

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Blood Glucose Regulation

Process involving insulin and glucagon to control glucose levels.

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Levels of Organization

Hierarchy from cells to systems in the human body.

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Receptor

Detects changes in the internal environment.

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Effector

Makes changes to correct imbalance in homeostasis.

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Study Notes

Homeostasis

  • Homeostasis is a mechanism that regulates an organism's internal environment
  • Four physiological variables need to stay within set limits:
    • Body temperature
    • pH levels
    • Blood glucose concentration
    • CO2 concentration

Systems in Homeostasis

  • The nervous system and endocrine system play key roles in homeostasis

Thermoregulation

  • Thermoregulation is an example of negative feedback
  • The hypothalamus controls body temperature

Negative Feedback

  • Negative feedback is the common and important mechanism for regulating physiological processes
  • The body responds opposite to the problem to restore balance

Negative Feedback Diagram

  • The diagram illustrates negative feedback loops, where:
    • A receptor detects an imbalance (stimulus)
    • A corrective mechanism is triggered
    • An effector brings about a response to correct the imbalance

Blood Glucose Levels

  • The diagrams illustrate how blood glucose levels are controlled:
    • When blood glucose levels are high, the pancreas releases insulin.
    • This signals the liver to store glucose as glycogen.
    • When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases glucagon.
    • This signals the liver to break down glycogen into glucose.
    • This process is an example of negative feedback

Levels of Organization

  • The levels of organization of the human body, in increasing order, are:
    • Cell: The basic unit of life
    • Tissue: Group of similar cells joined by a matrix
    • Organ: Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity
    • Organ System: Groups of two or more organs that work together to perform a general function
    • Organism: Complete individual

Types of Tissues

  • Muscular tissue: Helps with movement, posture, and body heat
  • Nervous tissue: Starts and transmits nervous impulses
  • Connective tissue: Connects, supports, and protects the body
  • Epithelial tissue: Protects, absorbs, excretes, secretes, and provides sensation

Types of Muscles

  • Cardiac muscle (heart)
  • Skeletal muscle (limbs)
  • Smooth muscle (digestive system)

Hypothesis Testing

  • Null hypothesis (H0): There is no significant difference in lemon and orange flavor preferences in the number of people
  • Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference in lemon and orange flavor preferences in the number of people
  • Note: These examples are for a study examining preferences; they aren't the only factors that go into determining a significant difference.

Variables in a Study

  • Dependent variable: The variable being measured or observed (in this case, the number of people).
  • Independent variable: The variable that is manipulated or controlled (in this case, the flavor).

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Homeostasis, Levels of Organization PDF

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