Physiology exam prep topics 1-2
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?

  • To maintain a constant body temperature (correct)
  • To regulate the dilation of blood vessels
  • To stimulate sweating
  • To produce hormones that increase body temperature

Which process helps maintain a constant osmotic pressure in the body?

  • Thermoregulation
  • Electrolytic regulation
  • Osmoregulation (correct)
  • Chemical regulation

What percentage of body weight is composed of water?

  • 60-70% (correct)
  • 70-80%
  • 40-50%
  • 50-60%

What is the primary function of the rennin-angiotensin system in osmoregulation?

<p>To act as a messenger for the electrolytic regulation system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an increase in blood sugar levels in chemical regulation?

<p>The concentration of insulin increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skin and adipose tissue in thermoregulation?

<p>To regulate body temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the respiratory system to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration?

<p>The rate of breathing increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of water composition in an individual mammalian cell?

<p>80% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of homeostasis in the internal environment?

<p>To maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of homeostatic regulation in the body?

<p>Electrolyte regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of maintaining the body's core temperature?

<p>Thermoregulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range of the body's internal environment?

<p>7.35-7.45 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pressure exerted by dissolved proteins in the blood?

<p>Oncotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the regulation of the concentration of solutes in the body?

<p>Osmoregulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of maintaining a stable internal environment?

<p>Homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator of internal environment homeostasis?

<p>Blood glucose level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of structural homeostasis in an organism?

<p>Maintaining the body's anatomical integrity and functional abilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the immune system and immune tissues in homeostasis?

<p>Preserving the genetic individuality of the organism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of blocking protein myostatin in genetically modified animals?

<p>Increased muscle growth and early death (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of homeostasis?

<p>The relative constancy of an organism's structure, genetics, and internal environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of organs in the body?

<p>To cooperate to perform body functions to maximize the benefit to the entire organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cells in multicellular organisms?

<p>They have specific functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rapid muscle growth in genetically modified animals?

<p>Health problems and early death (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of using surrounding environmental factors in animal husbandry?

<p>To increase animal productivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of organs in multicellular organisms?

<p>To cooperate and perform body functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the body maintains a stable internal environment?

<p>Negative feedback loops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rapid muscle growth in genetically modified animals?

<p>Early and painful death (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is responsible for removing excess water and ions from the blood to maintain osmotic balance?

<p>Osmoregulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of genetic homeostasis?

<p>To preserve the genetic individuality of the organism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cells in multicellular organisms?

<p>They have specific functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?

<p>Monitoring and regulating body temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of using surrounding environmental factors in animal husbandry?

<p>To increase animal productivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the body respond to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration?

<p>Increasing the rate of breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the relative constancy of an organism's internal environment?

<p>Homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormones in osmoregulation?

<p>Removing excess water and ions from the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the immune system and immune tissues in homeostasis?

<p>To preserve the genetic individuality of the organism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an increase in blood sugar levels in chemical regulation?

<p>Increased insulin production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of blocking protein myostatin in genetically modified animals?

<p>Rapid muscle growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a homeostatic process?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skin and adipose tissue in thermoregulation?

<p>Regulating body temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood vessels when blood pressure decreases?

<p>They constrict (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feedback mechanism results in the weakening of physiological functions with aging?

<p>Negative feedback (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could result from the failure of feedback loops in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Heart failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do kidneys play when blood pressure increases?

<p>They retain less water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results from the failure of homeostatic regulation mechanisms?

<p>Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What general effect does aging have on feedback loops?

<p>Weakens them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the internal environment of an organism as it ages?

<p>It becomes unstable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly a consequence of aging related to the cardiovascular system?

<p>Heart failure due to overwhelmed feedback mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a sensor or receptor in homeostasis?

<p>To detect changes in the internal or external environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a homeostatic response receives information from sensors and initiates the response?

<p>Integrating center (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an effector in a homeostatic response?

<p>Kidney (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a positive feedback loop in homeostasis?

<p>To enhance an output to maintain homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in homeostasis?

<p>To control circadian rhythms and satiety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peripheral chemoreceptors in homeostasis?

<p>To detect changes in blood pH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an effector responding to a stimulus in a homeostatic response?

<p>The internal environment is maintained (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the integrating center in a homeostatic response?

<p>To initiate responses to maintain homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily governs the movement of substances across the lipid bilayer?

<p>Concentration gradients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In homeostatic terms, what effect does temperature have on diffusion rates?

<p>Temperature increases diffusion rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is critical for enabling passive transport across the cell membrane?

<p>Protein channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism does not require energy input to move molecules across the cell membrane?

<p>Passive transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the lipid bilayer structure contribute to homeostasis?

<p>By forming a barrier that regulates substance entry and exit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is least likely to passively diffuse through the lipid bilayer?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT involved in determining the direction of passive substance movement?

<p>Chromosomal DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do dissolved proteins play in the homeostasis of body fluids?

<p>Determining osmotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the body maintains a stable internal environment?

<p>Homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an increase in blood sugar levels in chemical regulation?

<p>Increased insulin production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for maintaining the body's core temperature?

<p>Hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormones in osmoregulation?

<p>Removing excess water and ions from the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of osmoregulation?

<p>Maintaining a constant osmotic pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skin and adipose tissue in thermoregulation?

<p>Maintaining the body's core temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the respiratory system?

<p>Increased breathing rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rennin-angiotensin system in osmoregulation?

<p>Acting as a messenger for electrolytic regulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of homeostasis in the internal environment?

<p>To maintain a stable internal environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator of internal environment homeostasis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of maintaining the body's core temperature?

<p>Thermoregulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of homeostatic regulation is responsible for maintaining a stable concentration of solutes in the body?

<p>Osmoregulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range of the body's internal environment?

<p>7.35-7.45 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pressure exerted by dissolved proteins in the blood?

<p>Colloid osmotic pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a homeostatic process?

<p>The regulation of body temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of homeostats in the body?

<p>To maintain a stable internal environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the body's internal environment is maintained?

<p>Tight coupling and regulation of organ systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of blocking protein myostatin in genetically modified animals?

<p>Rapid muscle growth and multiple health problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of structural homeostasis in an organism?

<p>Maintaining anatomical integrity and functional abilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cells in multicellular organisms?

<p>They have specific functions and assemble to form tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the immune system and immune tissues in homeostasis?

<p>Preserving genetic individuality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of using surrounding environmental factors in animal husbandry?

<p>To increase animal productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rapid muscle growth in genetically modified animals?

<p>Multiple health problems and early death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of homeostasis?

<p>The relative constancy of an organism's structure, genetics, and internal environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor is responsible for detecting changes in blood pH?

<p>Chemoreceptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain acts as the primary integrating center for homeostasis?

<p>Hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do kidneys play in blood pressure regulation through homeostasis?

<p>Retaining water to increase blood volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feedback loop enhances an output to maintain homeostasis?

<p>Positive feedback loop (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sensor type is involved in detecting temperature changes in the body?

<p>Thermoreceptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an effector in homeostasis?

<p>Responding to signals and causing changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the kidneys when blood pressure increases?

<p>They retain less water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological process is primarily controlled by circadian rhythms?

<p>Sleep and wake cycles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of homeostatic mechanism involves reducing deviations from a set point?

<p>Negative feedback loop (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the failure of feedback loops in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood vessels when blood pressure decreases?

<p>They constrict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general effect of aging on feedback loops?

<p>They weaken (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the disruption of normal homeostasis?

<p>Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the internal environment of an organism as it ages?

<p>It becomes less stable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of aging related to the cardiovascular system?

<p>Heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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