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Questions and Answers
What percentage of an average adult male's body weight is composed of water?
What percentage of an average adult male's body weight is composed of water?
Which factor does NOT affect total body water content?
Which factor does NOT affect total body water content?
What is the main cation found in extracellular fluid (ECF)?
What is the main cation found in extracellular fluid (ECF)?
In the context of body water distribution, what ratio of total body water is found in intracellular fluid (ICF)?
In the context of body water distribution, what ratio of total body water is found in intracellular fluid (ICF)?
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Which composition of body fluids does NOT typically differ between intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid?
Which composition of body fluids does NOT typically differ between intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid?
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What physiological factor contributes to decreased water content in the body?
What physiological factor contributes to decreased water content in the body?
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What is the primary role of physiology in the study of biological systems?
What is the primary role of physiology in the study of biological systems?
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How much of extracellular fluid (ECF) is composed of interstitial fluid (ISF)?
How much of extracellular fluid (ECF) is composed of interstitial fluid (ISF)?
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Which cation is primarily found in intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Which cation is primarily found in intracellular fluid (ICF)?
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What is the primary anion present in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?
What is the primary anion present in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?
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What can occur if water loss exceeds water gain?
What can occur if water loss exceeds water gain?
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Which system is primarily responsible for removing waste and excess water from the body to maintain homeostasis?
Which system is primarily responsible for removing waste and excess water from the body to maintain homeostasis?
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Which condition is characterized by an excess of water in the body?
Which condition is characterized by an excess of water in the body?
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What is the typical blood pH that must be maintained for proper homeostasis?
What is the typical blood pH that must be maintained for proper homeostasis?
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Which component of homeostasis is essential for normal cell function?
Which component of homeostasis is essential for normal cell function?
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In terms of water balance, which of the following contributes the least to water gain under normal conditions?
In terms of water balance, which of the following contributes the least to water gain under normal conditions?
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Which system helps in delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide as part of homeostasis?
Which system helps in delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide as part of homeostasis?
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What is one of the primary advantages of maintaining homeostasis?
What is one of the primary advantages of maintaining homeostasis?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Physiology - Total Body Water & Homeostasis
- Physiology is the study of normal body functions, the normal functions of a living organism.
- The cell is the basic unit of structure and function, the smallest independent functioning unit of tissues.
Body Composition
- In a 70kg adult male:
- 18% of body weight is protein
- 15% of body weight is fat
- 7% of body weight is minerals
- 60% of body weight is water
Factors Affecting Total Body Water
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Physiological Factors:
- Amount of fat: Water content decreases with obesity.
- Sex: Females have lower water content than males.
- Age: Total body water decreases with age.
Distribution of Body Water
- Intracellular fluid (ICF): 2/3 of total body water, inside cells.
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Extracellular fluid (ECF): 1/3 of total body water, outside cells.
- Interstitial fluid (ISF): 3/4 of ECF
- Plasma: 1/4 of ECF
Composition of Body Fluids
- ICF: High K+, phosphates, proteins. Low Na+, Cl-.
- ECF: High Na+, Cl-. Low K+, phosphates, proteins.
Water Balance
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Water Gain:
- Drinking (1300 ml)
- Food (800 ml)
- Metabolism (400 ml)
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Water Loss:
- Urine (1500 ml)
- Respiration/Skin (900 ml)
- Stool (100 ml)
- Balance: Water gain = water loss
- Dehydration: Water loss > water gain
- Overhydration: Water gain > water loss
Homeostasis
- Definition: Maintenance of constant conditions in the internal environment (ECF).
- Importance: Essential for normal cell function.
- Internal Environment: The extracellular fluid (ECF).
External vs. Internal Environments
- External Environment: The surrounding environment.
- Internal Environment: The ECF that surrounds cells.
Advantages of Homeostasis
- Increased survival chances
- Ability to live in various conditions
- Enables proper brain function
Factors Maintained by Homeostasis
- pH: 7.4
- Blood volume: 5 Liters
- Blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg
- Temperature: 37°C
Body Systems & Homeostasis
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Circulatory System: Continuous blood flow.
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Respiratory System: Oxygen uptake and CO2 release.
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Musculoskeletal System: Movement for needs and protection.
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Nervous System: Impulse control of muscles.
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Endocrine System: Hormone regulation of cellular functions.
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Digestive System: Nutrient absorption into blood.
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Kidneys/Urinary System: Waste removal and water regulation.
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Immune System: Protects against foreign invaders
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Skin: Outer protection
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Reproductive System: Species continuity.
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The nervous and endocrine systems are the major regulatory systems.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential concepts of total body water and homeostasis in physiology. It covers the distribution and composition of body fluids, and various factors affecting total body water, highlighting the importance of understanding these mechanisms for maintaining normal body functions.
