HIV Transmission Methods and Prevention

HIV Transmission

HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. It can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if not treated. HIV transmission occurs primarily through four main methods: sexual contact, sharing needles or other injection equipment, mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, and accidental needlestick injuries.

Sexual Contact

HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, most commonly via anal intercourse. The risk of HIV transmission depends on several factors such as the type of epithelium in the genital tract, the presence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and the type of intercourse. For instance, the risk of infection for receptive anal intercourse is higher compared to vaginal intercourse due to differences in epithelial layers. Condom usage significantly reduces the chance of HIV transmission during sex.

Sharing Needles and Other Injection Equipment

Sharing contaminated needles, syringes, drug solutions, cookers, and other injecting equipment is another major route of HIV transmission, especially among people who inject drugs. This mode of transmission can also spread HIV to others via infected blood products or from accidental sharps injuries.

Mother-to-Child Transmission

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Rapid diagnostic tests for HIV infection cannot identify HIV in babies under 18 months old, so virological testing is necessary at birth. New technologies have been developed to perform this test at the point of care, enabling same-day results for appropriate linkage with treatment and care.

Accidental Needlestick Injuries

Accidental needlestick injuries can also result in HIV transmission, especially among health workers who are exposed to blood or other bodily fluids during medical procedures that involve cutting or piercing without proper sterilization.

Prevention Strategies

Prevention strategies include using male or female condoms during sex, getting tested for HIV and STIs, having voluntary medical male circumcision, and being aware of potential risks associated with drug use and sharing injection equipment.

In summary, understanding the various modes and factors influencing HIV transmission is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies to control and eventually eradicate this disease.

Learn about the main methods of HIV transmission such as sexual contact, sharing needles, mother-to-child transmission, and accidental needlestick injuries. Discover prevention strategies including condom usage, testing for HIV and STIs, medical male circumcision, and awareness of drug use risks.