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Questions and Answers
What is the primary mode of HIV transmission in children under the age of 13 in the United States?
What significant impact does HIV have on the body's immune system?
As of 2023, how many lives has HIV claimed worldwide?
In what year was the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) first identified?
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What is the most common way HIV is transmitted among adults and adolescents?
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What was a method of HIV transmission in children before 1985?
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Which of the following best defines vertical transmission of HIV?
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Which age group primarily experiences HIV transmission through vertical transmission in the United States?
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What has contributed to the decrease in the number of infants who become HIV positive when born to an infected mother?
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What surgical intervention may be indicated to prevent HIV transmission during delivery?
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What does the PMTCT program aim to prevent?
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What trend has been observed in pediatric AIDS-related illnesses from 2010 to 2016?
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Which region is experiencing an exponential increase in pediatric HIV cases?
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What factor leads to the increasing pediatric HIV cases in the Philippines?
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What has been a significant barrier in addressing pediatric HIV as mentioned in the 2017 UNAIDS report?
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How many new pediatric HIV infections have been averted globally since the year 2000 due to PMTCT efforts?
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Study Notes
HIV/AIDS Overview
- HIV was first identified in 1983
- HIV has claimed approximately 40 million lives worldwide as of 2023
- HIV destroys the immune system, making the body vulnerable to infections and cancers
- HIV is most commonly spread through sexual contact in adults and adolescents
- Nearly all HIV infections in children under 13 in the United States are from vertical transmission
Vertical Transmission
- Vertical transmission occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
- Prior to 1985, some children were infected by contaminated blood products
- Routine blood product screening started in 1985
- The number of infants born with HIV to infected mothers has reduced due to increased HIV testing and antiretroviral medications
- Antiretroviral medications are given to the mother before birth and to the baby after birth
- Cesarean section is sometimes recommended for women with HIV to prevent transmission during delivery
Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission (PMTCT)
- PMTCT programs have averted 2 million new pediatric HIV infections since 2000
- Pediatric HIV cases have been declining globally
- A 2017 UNAIDS report showed a drop in pediatric AIDS-related illness by half from 2010 to 2016
- However, the same report also highlighted a lag in pediatric HIV testing and treatment
Pediatric HIV in the Philippines
- The Philippines is experiencing a rise in HIV cases
- There has been an exponential increase in the number of HIV cases (approximately 138%) since 2013
- Factors contributing to the rise in pediatric HIV include:
- An increase in HIV infection among females of reproductive age, leading to vertical transmission
- Lack of accessible testing facilities for infants
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Description
This quiz explores the critical aspects of HIV/AIDS, including its history, transmission modes, and prevention strategies. It emphasizes the importance of understanding vertical transmission and the measures taken to reduce infections in infants. Test your knowledge on the global impact of HIV and the innovations in treatment and prevention.
