HIV Attachment Process to CD4+ T-cells

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which demographic group has the highest infection incidence of HIV in the US?

Black and Hispanic women

Transgender women

Individuals in subsaharan Africa

Young men who have sex with men (correct)

Which gene encodes the envelope proteins of HIV?

tat

pol

env (correct)

gag

What is the process by which HIV binds to the CD4 receptor on T-cells?

Maturation

Budding

Viral entry (correct)

Reverse transcription

Which group has a rare occurrence of vertical transmission of HIV in the US?

Heterosexual persons Signup and view all the answers

What does the pol gene in HIV encode for?

Enzymes required for replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason there is no cure for HIV?

The integrated virus forms a viral reservoir in host cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Antiretroviral therapy (ART)?

To decrease the circulation of HIV in the community. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)?

To prevent sexual transmission of HIV by more than 95%. Signup and view all the answers

Which component does a first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen typically contain?

One integrase inhibitor + two NRTIs Signup and view all the answers

Why does the reverse transcriptase enzyme in HIV lead to mutations?

It generates millions of mutant copies within the same replication cycle. Signup and view all the answers

Which viral protein is responsible for the attachment of HIV to the CD4 receptor on the cell surface?

GP120 Signup and view all the answers

After binding to the CD4 receptor, which co-receptor on the cell surface does the second arm of GP120 interact with during HIV entry?

CCR5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the stage when HIV DNA integrates with host DNA in the nucleus?

Proviral DNA Signup and view all the answers

During the reverse transcription process, what is the initial step that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell?

Conversion of viral RNA to DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme facilitates the integration of HIV DNA with host DNA in the nucleus?

Integrase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of colonialism, slave trade, and medical injections on the global spread of HIV?

They contributed to the global dissemination of HIV. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells does HIV primarily target and infect?

T cells Signup and view all the answers

During the viral attachment process, what is the role of the CD4 receptor?

It allows the virus to enter the host cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of reverse transcription in the HIV life cycle?

It converts viral RNA into DNA inside the host cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are encoded by HIV genes and play a crucial role in viral replication and infection?

Reverse transcriptase and protease Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of detectable viremia in the setting of low CD4 count in HIV infection?

Increased risk of opportunistic infections Signup and view all the answers

Which unique contraindication must be considered before using Cabotegravir as PrEP?

Active gluteal implants Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of POST-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in HIV management?

To prevent infection after possible exposure Signup and view all the answers

How often is Cabotegravir administered for PrEP?

Every 8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

In what situations would POST-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) typically be initiated?

After needle prick of unknown source Signup and view all the answers