12 Questions
According to Piaget, what does accommodation involve in the context of cognitive development?
Creating a new category for new information
Which term refers to a transition that most teens go through, generally around the same time?
Normative
In social cognitive theory, what does negative reinforcement involve?
Taking something away to increase a behavior
Which historical figure defined adolescence as a phase that should be valued?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
How does Bandura's social learning theory relate to peer influence in teenagers?
It highlights the strong influence peers can have
What is a characteristic of idiosyncratic transitions?
They happen unpredictably
In ecological and developmental systems theory, what does the macrosystem refer to?
Upper-level institutions like government policies
How did Ancient Greece view adolescence?
It did not exist as a distinct phase
Which research design specifically aims to determine if two variables are related but does not establish causation?
Correlational design
What are the effects of globalization on friendships and dating?
Increase in long-distance relationships
What does the mesosystem represent in Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory?
Interactions between internal systems
Which psychological theory posits that unconscious urges determine behavior, specifically during the genital stage?
Psychoanalytic theory
Study Notes
- Transitions: Normative (most teens go through, around the same time) - Puberty. Idiosyncratic (not everyone goes through, or unpredictable) - Death of a parent.
- History of Adolescence (timeline): Ancient Greece - No adolescence. Preindustrial Europe - Teens but still contributed to the family. 18th Century - Rousseau defined adolescence and its value. 19th Century - Education promoted, and population increased. Now - Teens can be exposed to more due to internet.
- Learning Loss: Caused by education during the pandemic, made teens struggle.
- Social Changes: Family make-up, influence of peers, sexuality, social media, racial injustices.
- Globalization: Information travels from continent to continent within seconds. Effects on friendships/dating, education, aging population, voting implications, less locked into traditional ways, and vulnerable to impacts.
- Theories: psychoanalytic (Freud: unconscious urges determine behavior), Erikson (identity vs. role confusion stage), cognitive (Piaget: formal operations), learning and social cognitive (Skinner: behavior based on rewards/punishments), social and anthropological (continuous/discontinuous societies), ecological and developmental systems (Urie's systems), and developmental systems theory (interactions between systems impact development).
- Research Methods: Specific activities of the participants. Research Design: Overall plan of the study.
- Correlational Research Design: Aims to determine if two things are related. Impact of one variable on the other (no causation).
- Descriptive Research Design: Aims to describe a specific phenomenon (qualitative).
- Experimental Research Design: Aims to determine whether a causal relationship exists.
- Research Process: Defines questions, samples, and research methods before data collection and analysis.
- Cross-sectional Data: Collects data on participants at one point in time.
Test your application of terms related to normative and idiosyncratic transitions, as well as the history of adolescence. Explore scenarios such as puberty and the death of a parent in different contexts.
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