History Quiz: Black Death and Empires
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the effects of the Black Death on European society?

  • Decrease in social mobility for peasants
  • Landowners lost money (correct)
  • Stronger feudal system
  • Increase in population

    • The Ming Dynasty ended due to successful invasions from Japan.

    False

    Who was Zheng He?

    A Muslim Chinese admiral known for his expeditions throughout Asia and East Africa.

    The __________ system allowed different religious groups in the Ottoman Empire to govern themselves.

    <p>Millet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the empire with a notable characteristic:

    <p>Mughal Empire = Allowed non-Muslims in nobility Qing Dynasty = Manchu ruled with Han Chinese officials Ottoman Empire = Used the Millet System Russian Empire = Ivan the Terrible's reign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the weakening of the Ming Dynasty?

    <p>Manchu revolts and natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Privateers operated with official government support.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary result of the Atlantic Slave Trade?

    <p>The transportation and sale of millions of Africans as slaves in the Americas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Chichimeca War was fought between Spain and the __________ Confederation.

    <p>Chichimeca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leader is known for significantly expanding Russia's borders?

    <p>Catherine the Great</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Protestant Reformation was primarily a response to the commercialization of indulgences.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of mercantilism?

    <p>To accumulate wealth, especially through gold and silver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the individual with their contribution or association:

    <p>Manuel de Nobrega = Set up a mission in Brazil Ching Shih = Controlled the largest pirate fleet Olaudah Equiano = Described the Middle Passage Blackbeard = Known as Edward Teach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Martin Luther's beliefs regarding salvation?

    <p>Faith in Jesus is the key to salvation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    John Calvin's teachings included the concept of predestination.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Council of Trent?

    <p>To standardize Catholic liturgy and condemn Protestant heresies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Henry VIII created the _____ to enable his divorce.

    <p>Church of England</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome resulted from the French Revolution?

    <p>Establishment of the Declaration of the Rights of Man.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adam Smith argued that government intervention is crucial for a healthy capitalist economy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'The Invisible Hand' refer to in economic theory?

    <p>The self-regulation of capitalist economies driven by individuals' rational self-interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marx and Engels predicted that capitalism would eventually lead to _____ after a communist revolution.

    <p>communism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major military defeat did Napoleon suffer that marked a significant setback in his conquests?

    <p>Battle of Trafalgar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simon Bolivar was strictly against any form of dictatorship.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event is known as the Tennis Court Oath?

    <p>The pledge made by the Third Estate to create a new constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the historical figures with their respective roles or contributions:

    <p>Martin Luther = Nailed the 95 Theses John Calvin = Predestination theory Henry VIII = Founded the Church of England Napoleon Bonaparte = Crowned himself emperor of France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The violent conflict on August 24, 1572, targeting wealthy French Protestants is known as the _____.

    <p>St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major social issue that arose due to industrialization?

    <p>Wage stagnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Martin Luther famously dispute in his 95 Theses?

    <p>The selling of indulgences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    John Calvin believed in the concept of predestination.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the society of Jesuits?

    <p>Ignatius of Loyola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was a conflict where Catholics killed approximately 10,000 wealthy French Protestants.

    <p>St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following economic terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Laissez-Faire = Minimal government intervention in the economy Supply = The quantity of a good available for sale Demand = The desire to purchase a good or service Monopoly = A market structure with only one provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a negative effect of industrialization?

    <p>Poor working conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Industrial Revolution only had positive impacts on society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the French Revolution lead to concerning the monarchy?

    <p>Undermining of the monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adam Smith is best known for writing __________.

    <p>The Wealth of Nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major military strategy did Napoleon use to gain victory at the Battle of Austerlitz?

    <p>Setting a trap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Reign of Terror was a peaceful period during the French Revolution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Congress of Vienna aim to achieve?

    <p>Establish peace and stability in Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marx and Engels argued that capitalism would eventually lead to __________.

    <p>communism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical figures with their contributions:

    <p>Simon Bolivar = Liberation of South American countries from Spanish rule Henry VIII = Creation of the Church of England Maximilien Robespierre = Leadership during the Reign of Terror Adam Smith = Foundation of modern economic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Chinese dynasty was known for its stability and success after the Mongolian rule?

    <p>Ming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ottoman Empire allowed non-Muslims to govern in nobility without any restrictions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event led to 15-20 million Africans being captured and sold as slaves between the 1500s and 1800s?

    <p>Atlantic Slave Trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was a coalition of religious groups in the Ottoman Empire that could govern themselves.

    <p>Millet System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first leader to remove Mongol power from Russia?

    <p>Ivan the Terrible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ching Shih was known for her role as a peaceful community leader.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Zheng He accomplish during his expeditions?

    <p>Sailed massive expeditions throughout Asia and to East Africa, creating detailed maps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was a long and expensive war between Spain and Natives in the Chichimeca Confederation over silver.

    <p>Chichimeca War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following figures with their contributions:

    <p>Olaudah Equiano = Described the conditions of the Middle Passage Henry VIII = Standardized the Anglican Church Catherine the Great = Expanded Russia's borders Manuel de Nobrega = Established missions in Brazil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the Black Death in Europe?

    <p>Landowners losing money and peasants gaining social mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Great Schism resulted from Orthodox Christians wanting to use Latin in Mass.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ were elite military units in the Ottoman Empire recruited from Christian slaves.

    <p>Janissaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ruler helped Russia gain access to the Baltic Sea?

    <p>Peter the Great</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to an increase in social mobility for peasants after the Black Death?

    <p>A decrease in the labor force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ming Dynasty was known for its instability and decline due to rebellions and natural disasters.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system in the Ottoman Empire allowed different religious groups to govern themselves?

    <p>Millet System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was a long and costly war between Spain and the Chichimeca Confederation.

    <p>Chichimeca War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary products sold by the Mughal Empire?

    <p>Cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Olaudah Equiano's writings described his positive experiences aboard slave ships.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Chinese admiral is known for his maritime expeditions throughout Asia?

    <p>Zheng He</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was a form of economic theory focused on accumulating wealth primarily through gold and silver.

    <p>mercantilism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the leader with their significant action:

    <p>Ivan the Terrible = Removed Mongols from power in Russia Peter the Great = Gained access to warm water ports Catherine the Great = Expanded Russia's borders Henry VIII = Standardized the Anglican Church</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the outcomes of the Atlantic Slave Trade?

    <p>Developed economies of American colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ching Shih was known for her role as a successful pirate who negotiated her retirement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main religion of the Mughal Empire?

    <p>Islam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aristocratic class in the Ottoman Empire, known as __________, were often recruited from captured slaves.

    <p>Janissaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the term with its definition:

    <p>Privateers = Government-commissioned naval raiders Pirates = Independent unlawful raiders Millet System = Autonomous religious governance in the Ottoman Empire Middle Passage = Voyage of enslaved Africans to the Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Martin Luther’s primary argument against the Catholic Church?

    <p>The church was raising too much money from indulgences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    John Calvin did not believe in the concept of predestination.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the Council of Trent?

    <p>Catholic condemnation of Protestant heresies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was a massacre where Catholics killed about 10,000 wealthy French Protestants.

    <p>St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical figures with their associated beliefs or actions:

    <p>Martin Luther = Belief in justification by faith John Calvin = Predestination Henry VIII = Creation of the Church of England Ignatius of Loyola = Founder of the Jesuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Adam Smith's theory?

    <p>Competition and self-interest drive economic prosperity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Supply and demand do not influence market prices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Bourgeoisie = White-collar workers Working class = Blue-collar workers Laissez-Faire = Minimal government intervention Predestination = Salvation determined by God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the causes of the French Revolution?

    <p>The nobility and clergy paid no taxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tennis Court Oath occurred after the storming of the Bastille.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution?

    <p>Maximilien Robespierre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adam Smith wrote __________, which argues for the principles of capitalism.

    <p>The Wealth of Nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following revolutions with their causes:

    <p>Revolutions of 1848 = Desire for democratic republics French Revolution = Inequitable tax system Industrial Revolution = Shift to mechanized production American Revolution = Demand for independence from Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Black Death

    • Bubonic plague in the mid-1300s, killing half of Europe's population
    • Landowners lost money, peasants gained social mobility
    • Jews blamed

    Empires

    • Chinese Dynasties (in order):

      • Yuan (Kublai Khan, Mongols): Tolerant towards religion, eventually ended due to internal conflicts (Manchu & nobles) & climate change (volcano)
      • Ming: Stable and successful, then revolted by the Manchu
      • Qing (Manchu): Harsh towards Christians, invited Han Chinese to govern with them

    • Mughal Empire:

      • Muslim empire in India, allowing Hindus in the nobility, primarily a Muslim empire in majority
      • Sold cotton, arms, and ships

    • Ottoman Empire:

      • Controlled much of the Mediterranean (excluding Italy, France, and Spain)
      • Diverse population (Arabs, Armenians, Kurds)
      • Muslim, but other religions permitted in the nobility via the Millet System (religious groups governing themselves)

    Russian Empire

    • Loose group of small settlements, conquered by the Golden Horde (Mongols)
    • Moscow became a major trading hub under Ivan the Terrible
    • Ivan the Terrible also took away Mongolian power
    • Peter the Great expanded Russia's control to the Baltic Sea (warm-water ports)
    • Catherine the Great expanded the borders
    • Orenburg Mufti made Islam part of the government
    • Janissaries: elite Ottoman military, Christian slaves, castrated.

    British Empire

    • Magna Carta (1215): Beginning of rejection of rule by force
    • Hundred Years' War: French victory
    • Elizabeth I: Standardization of the Anglican Church and established a British Navy
    • Zheng He: Expeditions throughout Asia and to East Africa, but no colonization
    • European Colonization and Mercantilism: Colonies' role was to supply raw materials & buy finished goods, creating a mercantilist system.
    • Led to wars and empire building as nations competed over wealth.

    Manuel de Nobrega

    • Jesuit priest, set up first mission in Brazil
    • Brought Catholicism to Brazil
    • Founded big cities/seminaries
    • Conflicts with Chichimeca (Native American tribes)
    • Involved in the Chichimeca War, though Spain attempted to enslave the native people.

    Atlantic Slave Trade

    • 1500s-1800s: 15-20 million Africans captured and sold as slaves in the Americas
    • Initially, enslaved people were Native Americans, but they died from disease, so Africans were enslaved instead.
    • Triangular Trade system: Europeans traded goods for enslaved people in Africa, who were then brought to the Americas where products were produced and then transported back to Europe.

    Pirates

    • Individual profit, unlawful activities
    • Some were imperial commissions
    • No larger strategic goals

    Ching Shih

    • Poor Chinese prostitute, led the Red Flag Fleet in the South China Sea during the early 1800s
    • Led the largest pirate fleet ever.
    • Was able to negotiate with the Chinese government and retire.
    • Opened a casino and brothel.
    • Established/reversed norms against social mobility and/or for women.
    • Reversed the norms of social mobility.

    Blackbeard

    • Edward Teach (British privateer turned pirate)
    • Operated in the Caribbean
    • Conquered and/or blockaded areas with fleets
    • Captured and hung.

    Jewish History

    • Jews blamed multiple times for various events, including the Black Death
    • Expelled from Spain in 1492, seeking refuge elsewhere
    • Lived in "Pale Settlement" or Eastern Europe
    • Did not recognize the authority of the Sunnah

    Shia Islam

    • Sect within Islam, believing that only descendants of Mohammad should rule
    • Primarily in Iran.

    Great Schism of 1054

    • Orthodox Christians broke away from Catholics
    • Reasons included liturgical language (Latin vs. others), papal authority, and practices (unleavened bread)

    Protestant Reformation

    • Commercialization of indulgences, causing debates
    • Martin Luther: Believed that faith in Jesus, rather than good deeds, was crucial for salvation
    • John Calvin: Emphasized predestination and God's absolute power
    • 95 Theses: Series of arguments about indulgences.
    • Disputes indulgences and condemned the German Peasant War

    Counter Reformation

    • Ignatius of Loyola, and the Society of Jesuits
    • Council of Trent (condemned Protestant heresies & standardized Catholic liturgy)
    • King Henry VIII created the Church of England to divorce his wife.

    Industrialization, Capitalism, and Marx

    • Benefits of Industrialization: Improvements in education,healthcare, etc.
    • Negatives of Industrialization: Bad wages, pollution, drunkenness, deforestation, lack or equality in society.
    • Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations": Argued for "rational self-interest" and competition in capitalism as drivers of prosperity.
    • "Invisible Hand": Self-regulation of the market (limited government involvement).

    Supply and Demand

    • Supply increases & prices go down.
    • Supply stays the same & demand increases & prices rise.

    Competition

    • Competition benefits the consumer
    • Multiple people create the same product; they are incentivized to make it better or cheaper.

    Marx and Engels

    • Capitalism is not forever, but an era that needs replacement.
    • Communist/proletariat revolutions would take place in industrial countries
    • Workers and the proletariat need to unite, or else they're being exploited.
    • Bourgeoisie: owners of industrial means of production
    • Proletariat: workers who sell their labor for wages
    • Class struggle is the driving force of history.

    Agrarian Socialism

    • Rejected industrialization & used ancient ideas about communal agriculture/socialism
    • Charles Fourier & La Reunion communes (rural communities)

    French Revolution

    • Causes: Nobility/clergy tax exemption, growing poverty, and conflict with the monarchy
    • Tennis Court Oath (1789): Third Estate declared a National Assembly
    • Bastille Storming (1789)
    • Reign of Terror (Maximilien Robespierre)
    • Outcomes: End of the monarchy, rise of the Third Estate, Declaration of Rights of Man, Napoleon Bonaparte
    • Napoleon Bonaparte: Military leader and politician, who eventually declared himself Emperor of France.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Black Death and significant empires such as the Chinese dynasties, Mughal Empire, and Ottoman Empire. Delve into the impacts of these historical events on society and governance. See how these eras shaped the modern world.

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