History of Veterinary Medicine
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What physiological changes occur during the period of increment in fever?

  • Increased perspiration and cutaneous vasodilation
  • Cold extremities and muscular shivering (correct)
  • Decreased heart rate and increased urine output
  • Absence of muscle flaccidity and increased respiration

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the fastigium period of fever?

  • Increased diuresis
  • Presence of sweating
  • Muscular shivering (correct)
  • Cutaneous vasodilatation

What is a key adverse effect of fever?

  • Reduction in muscle strength (correct)
  • Heightened circulatory efficiency
  • Increased phagocytic activity
  • Elevation of the respiratory rate

Which type of fever is characterized by significant diurnal variation?

<p>Remittent fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of fever does the body experience vasodilatation and muscle flaccidity?

<p>Decrement stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year was the first Veterinary College established in India?

<p>1877 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following specialties in veterinary medicine is NOT listed as part of the scope?

<p>Rural Sociology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first Veterinary University established in India?

<p>Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the first veterinary school start in India?

<p>1862 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas is included in the scope of veterinary medicine?

<p>Food/ Farm animal medicine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veterinary college was established in Bombay?

<p>Third Veterinary College (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of veterinary medicine related to animal welfare?

<p>Disaster Management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease is characterized by a sudden onset of clinical signs within 24-48 hours after the entry of the causative organism?

<p>Per-acute disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is classified as a non-infectious disease?

<p>Vitamin deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a contagious disease?

<p>Disease spread by intimate contact with an infected animal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of disease develops clinical signs over a period of more than two weeks?

<p>Chronic disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of differential diagnosis?

<p>To differentiate diseases by comparing and contrasting similar conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is an example of an acute disease with signs developing over 3 to 7 days?

<p>Bacterial enteritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a carrier in the context of infectious diseases?

<p>An animal showing no signs but harboring pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease might result from a combination of various etiological factors?

<p>Non-specific disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a misunderstanding about infectious and contagious diseases?

<p>All infectious diseases are contagious (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the syndrome or pattern recognition approach in diagnosis?

<p>It is based on the clinician’s previous experiences and cases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation does the hypothetico-deductive reasoning method face?

<p>Memory's unreliability may lead to errors by omission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies the hypothetico-deductive reasoning process?

<p>A clinician lists possible causes for abnormal urine color before testing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the algorithm method, what is typically emphasized?

<p>A systematic, step-by-step approach to decision-making. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of the key abnormality method in diagnosing a cow's health issue?

<p>Observing wart-like lesions to indicate papilloma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of local inflammatory lesions?

<p>They include various conditions like dermatitis and mastitis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the hypothetico-deductive reasoning method?

<p>To narrow down symptoms to find the most accurate diagnosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do follow-up questions play in the hypothetico-deductive method?

<p>They assist in validating initial assumptions and hypotheses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the syndrome or pattern recognition method reduce the need for extended diagnostics?

<p>By leveraging the clinician's past experiences and similar cases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physiological response to hyperthermia in animals?

<p>Increased respiratory rate and depth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hyperthermia?

<p>Chemical poisoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What body temperature range indicates a critical state leading to death from hyperthermia?

<p>41 - 42.5 C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is typically seen during the progression of hyperthermia?

<p>Increased thirst accompanied by seeking cool places (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In severe cases of hyperthermia, which organ is least likely to show hemorrhages during necropsy?

<p>Skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of prolonged hyperthermia on reproductive health in animals?

<p>Abortion and embryonic mortality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates the progression towards severe hyperthermia?

<p>Marked absence of sweating and restlessness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can aggravate hyperthermia during physical exertion?

<p>Poor ventilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes neurogenic hyperthermia?

<p>Damage to the hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign indicates immediate intervention is required during hyperthermia?

<p>Labored breathing and weak pulse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

First Army veterinary school in India

The first veterinary school in India, established in Poona in 1862.

First Veterinary College in India

Babugarh, founded in 1877, was the first veterinary college in India.

Scope of Veterinary Medicine

A broad field covering various animal species, including farm animals, pets, laboratory animals, wild animals, and more; also, includes clinical specializations, teaching, research, disease control, and animal welfare.

First Veterinary University in India

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), established in 1989.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Farm animal medicine

Veterinary care for livestock animals like cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pet/companion animal medicine

Veterinary care for domestic pets like dogs, cats, birds, and horses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Veterinary specializations

Specialized areas within veterinary medicine, such as dermatology and cardiology.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Specific disease

A disease caused by a single, identifiable etiological agent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-specific disease

A disease with multiple potential causes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Infectious disease

A disease caused by a living organism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-infectious disease

A disease caused by non-living factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contagious disease

A disease spread by direct contact with an infected animal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Per-acute disease

A disease with rapid onset, occurring within 24-48 hours.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute disease

A disease with symptoms developing over 3-7 days.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carrier

An animal that harbors a disease-causing organism without showing symptoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Differential diagnosis

Determining the correct disease by comparing and contrasting various possibilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fever's First Stage

The period of increment, characterized by shivering, vasoconstriction, and a rising rectal temperature. This occurs as the body conserves heat to reach the new elevated set point.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fever's Stable Stage

The period of fastigium, when the body has reached the new set point and the temperature remains stable. During this stage, the body's mechanisms for heat production and dissipation return to normal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fever's Cooling Stage

The period of decrement, as the body starts to dissipate excess heat, resulting in vasodilation, sweating, and muscle flaccidity. The temperature gradually returns to normal as the pyrogens are removed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fever's Benefits

Fever is advantageous because it can enhance the body's immune response by increasing phagocytic activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fever's Risks

Fever can have adverse effects like anorexia, tissue wasting, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and convulsions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperthermia

A condition where the body temperature is abnormally high due to excessive heat production, absorption, or inadequate heat loss.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heat Stroke

A severe form of hyperthermia where the body's temperature regulation system fails, leading to potentially fatal complications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Causes of Hyperthermia

Environmental factors such as high temperatures, sun exposure, and poor ventilation can contribute. Overexertion, especially in humid conditions, can also lead to hyperthermia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dehydration and Hyperthermia

Dehydration increases the risk of hyperthermia. Without adequate water, the body cannot effectively cool itself.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperthermia and Muscles

Excessive muscular activity, like in Strychnine poisoning, can cause hyperthermia. Neurological damage to the hypothalamus can also lead to hyperthermia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperthermia and Heart Rate

Rising body temperature increases heart rate. This is the body's attempt to circulate more blood to cool itself.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperthermia and Respiration

Hyperthermia causes increased breathing rate and depth. This helps release heat through exhalation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperthermia and Nervous System

High temperatures can depress the nervous system, leading to potential respiratory failure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Symptoms of Hyperthermia

Increased thirst, restlessness, rapid breathing and heartbeat, stumbling gait, and eventually collapse and coma.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperthermia and Reproduction

Prolonged hyperthermia can lead to abortion, embryonic mortality, and infertility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Syndrome or Pattern Recognition

A diagnostic approach where a clinician immediately recognizes a disease based on common symptoms and patterns. This method relies heavily on experience and memory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning

A systematic approach where the clinician develops a list of possible diagnoses (differentials) and then conducts tests to confirm or rule out each hypothesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Confirm/Exclude Technique

The process of using questions and examinations to either confirm or rule out a diagnosis from the differential list.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tentative Diagnosis

The final diagnosis reached after using the hypothetico-deductive method, typically narrowed down to two or three possibilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Memory Error (Omission)

A potential flaw in the hypothetico-deductive method where important diagnoses are overlooked due to imperfect memory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Algorithm Method

A step-by-step approach that involves following a specific series of tests and actions to arrive at a diagnosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Key Abnormality Method

Focusing on one very specific, characteristic symptom or finding to guide the diagnosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Database Method

Using a comprehensive database of information about various diseases to find a match for a patient's symptoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Examples of Syndrome Recognition

Examples of immediate disease recognition based on common symptoms and presentations, for instance: colic in horses, papilloma in cows, and parturient paresis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Veterinary Medicine Teaching Notes

  • History and Scope of Veterinary Medicine:

    • The word "veterinary" likely originated from the verb "veheri" meaning "to draw", referring to animals working with a yoke.
    • Other origins link it to "vieh" (cattle) and "terrin" (to be sick).
    • Vegetius is considered a key figure in veterinary medicine, known for four books on equine and bovine diseases, rejecting divine causes for illnesses.
    • Shun Yang is often referred to as the founder of Chinese veterinary medicine.
    • Kahun Papyrus (1900 BC, ancient Egypt) is an early written record of veterinary medicine.
    • The Code of Hammurabi (1792–1750 BC) mentions veterinary practice and fees.
    • Hippocrates (460-377 BC) described hydrothorax in cattle and dislocation of hip joints.
    • Aristotle (384-322 BC) identified swine, dog, cattle, horse and elephant diseases.

  • Scope of Veterinary Medicine:

    • It involves various areas such as food/farm animal medicine (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, etc.), pet/companion animal medicine (dogs, cats, birds, horses, etc.), laboratory animal medicine, wild animal/ zoo animal medicine, aquatic medicine, exotic animal medicine.

  • Definitions:

    • Veterinary Medicine: The study of animal disease, includes diagnosis, treatment, prevention and general study.
    • Veterinary Therapeutics: The area of veterinary medicine that deals with treating diseases in domesticated animals.
    • Farm Animal Medicine: The branch of veterinary medicine focusing on the diseases of farm animals.
    • Pet/Companion Animal Medicine: Deals with health conditions of pets.
    • Food Animal Medicine: Deals with the health of animals raised for food.
    • Clinical Veterinary Medicine: Focuses on diagnosing and treating animal diseases.
    • Preventive Veterinary Medicine: Aims to avoid animal diseases.

  • Major Classifications of Diseases:

    • Specific Diseases: Caused by specific agents (e.g., foot-and-mouth disease, tetanus).
    • Non-specific Diseases: Result from multiple causes (e.g., vomiting from gastritis or parasites).
    • Infectious Diseases: Caused by living organisms like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi.
    • Non-infectious Diseases: Not caused by living organisms (e.g., vitamin deficiencies, inborn errors of metabolism).
    • Contagious Diseases: Spread by contact with an infected animal (e.g., foot-and-mouth disease)

  • Major Classifications:

    • Per-acute: Symptoms appear within 24-48 hours.
    • Acute: Symptoms develop within 3-7 days.
    • Sub-acute: Symptoms appear in 8-14 days (1-2 weeks).
    • Chronic: Symptoms persist for more than two weeks.

  • Definitions:

    • Carrier: An animal harboring a pathogen without symptoms.
    • Snap shot Diagnosis: Preliminary diagnosis based on immediate observation.
    • Differential Diagnosis: Differentiating one disease from another based on similar symptoms.
    • Tentative diagnosis: Based on physical examination alone
    • Sign: Observable symptom, often objective.

  • Making a Diagnosis:

    • Syndrome or Pattern Recognition: Instantly recognizing a disease based on past experience.
    • Hypothetico-deductive Reasoning: Generating possible diagnoses and testing them through questions and examinations.
    • Algorithm Method: Following a step-by-step logical approach to diagnosis.
    • Key Abnormality Method: Focusing on significant symptoms for diagnosis.
    • Database Method: Accumulating clinical data for analysis and comparison with previous cases.

  • Other topics related to treatment and diagnosis:

    • Hyperthermia/Fever: Elevation of body temperature.
    • Hypothermia: Lowered body temperature.
    • Toxemia/ Septicaemia/ Viraemia: Systemic conditions.

  • Questions: (These are from the provided document)

      1. Father of veterinary medicine.
      1. First veterinary school with the year of establishment (world, India, Kerala).
      1. First veterinary University in India.
      1. Brief descriptions of Hippiatrika, Shalihotra, and Haippiathri.
      1. Brief note on the history of veterinary medicine.
      1. List important sectors/areas reflecting the scope of veterinary medicine.
    • Further questions about specific conditions (e.g., hypothermia, hyperthermia, fever, etc.).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

General Veterinary Medicine by KVASU PDF

Description

Explore the origins and development of veterinary medicine with key figures such as Vegetius and Shun Yang. This quiz covers ancient texts and practices that laid the foundation for modern veterinary practices. Test your knowledge on the scope and historical significance of this vital field.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser