30 Questions
What set of competitors began to emerge around smaller, cheaper systems that were within the reach of smaller organizations?
Minicomputer vendors
Which networking technology opened up the possibility of different computers carrying out compute actions on different parts or types of data?
Ethernet connections
What computing model came into play with the advent of networking technology improvements?
Client-server computing
What is the main characteristic of a distributed system?
It consists of multiple autonomous computers communicating through a network
Which type of vendors were known for their smaller, cheaper systems that were within the reach of smaller organizations?
Minicomputer vendors
What technology improvement enabled different computers to optimize the use of available resources across a network?
Ethernet connections
What is the main concept behind distributed computing?
Using computers remote from each other to accomplish computational tasks
Where can networked computers in a distributed system be located?
In different countries across the globe
What is the significance of message passing in a distributed system?
To facilitate communication and coordination between computers
How did the internet originate?
From a project funded by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s
What was the primary purpose of ARPANET in the late 1960s?
Establishing machine-to-machine data transfers
In distributed computing, what does the term 'distributed' specifically refer to?
Spatial distribution across multiple locations
What is grid computing?
Distributed computing using a cluster of networked computers
Which technology facilitates large-scale resource sharing among dynamic groups of individuals and institutions?
Grid Computing
What are some methods of grid computing mentioned in the text?
High-Throughput Computing and Collaborative Computing
Which type of applications have utilized grid computing technology?
Data and computationally intensive applications
How might a chemist benefit from utilizing grid computing?
To screen thousands of compounds per hour
What do teams of engineers do with the help of grid computing?
Analyze terabytes of structural data
What was Tim Berners-Lee's proposal in 1980?
Layering a visual interface over the internet using hypertext links
When did the first website go live?
6 August 1991
What was the big problem highlighted with the pace of technological change?
Mix of various systems with poor information exchange abilities
What was the state of resource utilization rates in organizations as per the research project conducted in 2008?
5%
What percentage of organizations were unable to state how many servers they had based on the research project findings?
28%
What was the main issue faced due to distributed computing according to the text?
'One application per physical server'
What is the primary goal of meteorologists when seeking to visualize and analyze climate data?
To enhance resource sharing
What function does the Grid Information Service system perform?
Collect details of available Grid resources
What is the role of the Resource Broker in a Grid environment?
Distribute jobs in applications to Grid resources
What type of computing is HTC an abbreviation for?
High - Throughput Computing
Which component does NOT fall under the category of Grid Resources as mentioned in the text?
Web 2.0
What is the purpose of Global Grids as mentioned in the text?
To execute computational jobs
Test your knowledge on the history and development of the World Wide Web from its proposal by Tim Berners-Lee to the first live website in 1991.
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