History of the World Wide Web
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Questions and Answers

What set of competitors began to emerge around smaller, cheaper systems that were within the reach of smaller organizations?

  • Minicomputer vendors (correct)
  • Supercomputer vendors
  • Microcomputer vendors
  • Mainframe vendors
  • Which networking technology opened up the possibility of different computers carrying out compute actions on different parts or types of data?

  • Token Ring configurations
  • Low-speed modems over twisted copper pairs
  • Ethernet connections (correct)
  • DECnet
  • What computing model came into play with the advent of networking technology improvements?

  • Cloud computing
  • Client-server computing (correct)
  • Peer-to-peer computing
  • Mainframe computing
  • What is the main characteristic of a distributed system?

    <p>It consists of multiple autonomous computers communicating through a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vendors were known for their smaller, cheaper systems that were within the reach of smaller organizations?

    <p>Minicomputer vendors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology improvement enabled different computers to optimize the use of available resources across a network?

    <p>Ethernet connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concept behind distributed computing?

    <p>Using computers remote from each other to accomplish computational tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can networked computers in a distributed system be located?

    <p>In different countries across the globe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of message passing in a distributed system?

    <p>To facilitate communication and coordination between computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the internet originate?

    <p>From a project funded by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of ARPANET in the late 1960s?

    <p>Establishing machine-to-machine data transfers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In distributed computing, what does the term 'distributed' specifically refer to?

    <p>Spatial distribution across multiple locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is grid computing?

    <p>Distributed computing using a cluster of networked computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology facilitates large-scale resource sharing among dynamic groups of individuals and institutions?

    <p>Grid Computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some methods of grid computing mentioned in the text?

    <p>High-Throughput Computing and Collaborative Computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of applications have utilized grid computing technology?

    <p>Data and computationally intensive applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might a chemist benefit from utilizing grid computing?

    <p>To screen thousands of compounds per hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do teams of engineers do with the help of grid computing?

    <p>Analyze terabytes of structural data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Tim Berners-Lee's proposal in 1980?

    <p>Layering a visual interface over the internet using hypertext links</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the first website go live?

    <p>6 August 1991</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the big problem highlighted with the pace of technological change?

    <p>Mix of various systems with poor information exchange abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the state of resource utilization rates in organizations as per the research project conducted in 2008?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of organizations were unable to state how many servers they had based on the research project findings?

    <p>28%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main issue faced due to distributed computing according to the text?

    <p>'One application per physical server'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of meteorologists when seeking to visualize and analyze climate data?

    <p>To enhance resource sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the Grid Information Service system perform?

    <p>Collect details of available Grid resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Resource Broker in a Grid environment?

    <p>Distribute jobs in applications to Grid resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of computing is HTC an abbreviation for?

    <p>High - Throughput Computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component does NOT fall under the category of Grid Resources as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Web 2.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Global Grids as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To execute computational jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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