Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web

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Questions and Answers

What was J. C. R. Licklider's primary role at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)?

  • Head of Information Processing (correct)
  • Chief Engineer for Internet Development
  • Senior Research Scientist
  • Director of Digital Communications

In what year did J. C. R. Licklider commission the Arpanet?

  • 1965
  • 1963 (correct)
  • 1968
  • 1971

What was one of the mandatory contributions established by Licklider's work by 1983?

  • Email protocols
  • Data transfer procedures (correct)
  • Graphic user interface standards
  • Voice over IP technology

What is a significant claim made about J. C. R. Licklider's influence on the internet?

<p>His actions effectively created the modern internet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable decision did the author of the document make regarding royalties from the web?

<p>He refused to receive any royalties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of Tim Berners-Lee when he proposed the World Wide Web?

<p>To ensure open access and free availability to everyone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol allows communication between web browsers and web servers?

<p>HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant milestone occurred on April 30, 1991?

<p>The launch of the first website. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was an early proponent of computer networks and played a significant role in the development of ARPANET?

<p>J.C.R. Licklider (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributed significantly to the widespread adoption of the World Wide Web?

<p>Secure communication protocols and easy-to-use web browsers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the program ENQUIRE created by Tim Berners-Lee?

<p>To connect CERN academics and track their projects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Tim Berners-Lee submit his landmark paper proposing a linked hypertext data system?

<p>1989 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event took place in 1991 regarding the World Wide Web?

<p>The World Wide Web was launched (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Tim Berners-Lee's academic background before inventing the World Wide Web?

<p>He had a degree in physics from Oxford University (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable honor was awarded to Tim Berners-Lee in 2004?

<p>Knighted by Queen Elizabeth II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization did Tim Berners-Lee consult for when he began developing the World Wide Web?

<p>CERN (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the vision of Tim Berners-Lee regarding the accessibility of information on the Web?

<p>Universal access to vast documents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges does the open nature of the Web currently face according to Tim Berners-Lee's vision?

<p>Growing political and commercial interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of Tim Berners-Lee in proposing the World Wide Web?

<p>To revolutionize information sharing across the internet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two key components did Tim Berners-Lee incorporate in his proposal for the World Wide Web?

<p>HTML and HTTP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Tim Berners-Lee decide to release the World Wide Web into the public domain?

<p>To encourage widespread access and usage of the Web (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant impact of the World Wide Web in its early years?

<p>Mass engagement of users across diverse sectors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the World Wide Web influenced global communication?

<p>By fostering email interactions and electronic business (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) play in the evolution of the Web?

<p>It ensures the Web remains a fair and democratic resource (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main challenges faced by Tim Berners-Lee when he decided to have open access to the Web?

<p>Losing the ability to control the Web's development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HTML stand for and what is its purpose?

<p>Hypertext Markup Language; to standardize webpage coding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

J.C.R. Licklider's role at ARPA

He was the head of Information Processing at the US government's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

Arpanet (1963)

A network connecting research computers, a precursor to the internet, commissioned by Licklider.

Licklider's contribution to the internet

He was instrumental in creating the foundational data transfer procedures for the internet. This led to mandatory internet data transfer in 1983.

Impact of 1983 data transfer procedures

1983 marked the crucial step where data transfer procedures became mandatory, significantly contributing to the modern internet.

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Licklider's era

J.C.R. Licklider was active and made significant contributions from 1915 through 1990.

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World Wide Web inventor

Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, created the World Wide Web.

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ENQUIRE (1980)

A program that linked CERN academics and projects together.

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Hypertext data system (1989)

Tim Berners-Lee's proposal for a linked system of data.

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World Wide Web launch (1991)

The public release of the World Wide Web with core components.

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HTML

HyperText Markup Language: the standard for creating web pages.

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HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol: the language computers use to share web pages

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CERN

European Organization for Nuclear Research, where the Web was born.

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Tim Berners-Lee's vision

Universal access to interconnected information.

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Who created the World Wide Web?

Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web in 1989 while working at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research.

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What is HTML?

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It's the standard language used to create and structure web pages. It tells the web browser how to display content on the screen.

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What is HTTP?

HTTP, or HyperText Transfer Protocol, is a language that allows web browsers to communicate with web servers. It's like a conversation between your browser and a website, allowing you to request and retrieve information.

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How did the World Wide Web impact the world?

The World Wide Web has dramatically changed the way people communicate, access information, and conduct business. It has connected billions of people worldwide, revolutionizing education, culture, and commerce.

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When did the first website go live?

The very first website went online on April 30, 1991. It was created by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, showcasing information about the World Wide Web project itself.

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What was Tim Berners-Lee's goal with the World Wide Web?

To revolutionize how information was shared across the internet, making it easier and more accessible to everyone.

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What are the two key components of the World Wide Web?

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). HTML standardizes webpage coding, while HTTP facilitates communication between browsers and servers.

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What was Berners-Lee's key decision regarding the World Wide Web?

He released the Web into the public domain, making it freely accessible to everyone instead of patenting it.

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What was the significance of Berners-Lee's 1991 manifesto?

It provided detailed guidelines on how to build websites, making the Web accessible for anyone to contribute.

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How did the World Wide Web impact society?

It revolutionized communication through email, facilitated global business, and democratized information access, leading to a rapid expansion of the internet.

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What role does the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) play?

It focuses on the development of open standards and guidelines for the World Wide Web, ensuring its fairness and accessibility.

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Study Notes

Tim Berners-Lee

  • Born in London in 1955
  • Interested in computers from a young age
  • Parents worked as computer programmers in UK
  • Studied physics at Oxford University in 1973
  • Built a homemade computer with logic gates and a processor
  • Worked as a software engineer at CERN
  • Developed a computer program called ENQUIRE in the early 1980s
  • Designed HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) in 1989
  • Created the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, making information accessible globally
  • Launched WWW at CERN in 1991
  • Included HTML, HTTP, and the first browser
  • Awarded knighthood in 2004 for services to the global development of the internet
  • Emphasized a fair and democratic web that benefits everyone, regardless of background
  • The World Wide Web has been growing steadily since its conception

Webpage Milestones

  • First webpage published on August 6, 1991
  • Over 4 billion internet users nowadays

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