History of the European Economic Community

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Questions and Answers

According to Immanuel Kant, what is the end of all hostilities?

  • The extension of law to all social relations
  • The formation of a legal order that guarantees peace (correct)
  • The balance of powers
  • The suspension of hostilities between two wars

What does Proudhon reject in his federalism theory?

  • The idea of a world federation
  • The concept of international anarchy
  • The presence of a state (correct)
  • Municipality as the main centre of organization

What was the main focus of Mazzini's thoughts?

  • Italian unification and European unity (correct)
  • The concept of the nation-state
  • Struggle against international anarchy
  • Formation of a confederal Europe

According to Cattaneo, what type of solution is applicable for both Italian unification and peace in Europe?

<p>Federal solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the main figures constituting the Ventotene Manifesto?

<p>Ernesto Rossi and Altiero Spinelli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which European Union institution is responsible for promoting the general interest?

<p>European Central Bank (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding the European Union's survival?

<p>Disintegration of the EU (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the European Council within the EU decision-making process?

<p>Providing direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which actors aim to leverage market spill-overs within the EU?

<p>Regional bureaucrats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor contributing to the EU's legitimation crisis?

<p>Various crises such as economic, political, and migration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution represents governments within the EU decision-making process?

<p>Council (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Schuman Declaration leading to the European Coal and Steel Community?

<p>Jean Monnet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty established the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957?

<p>The Treaty of Rome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)?

<p>Preventing war and improving living standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who served as the first president of the High Authority of the ECSC?

<p>Jean Monnet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did France propose in 1961-62, advocating for an intergovernmental 'Union of European Peoples' without supranational institutions?

<p>The Fouchet Plans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty established the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)?

<p>The Schuman Declaration Treaty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty established the European Union and introduced the three pillars of common foreign and security policy, cooperation in the field of justice and home affairs, and the establishment of European Union institutions?

<p>The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty aimed to make EU institutions more efficient and legitimate?

<p>The Nice Treaty of 2001 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main objectives of the European Union?

<p>Preservation of shared values, heritage, and culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty abolished the European Community and placed EU on equal footing with the European Union, expanded EU competences, and introduced the Charter of Fundamental Rights?

<p>The Lisbon Treaty of 2007 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principles guide EU actions on the international scene?

<p>Respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, rule of law, and human rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Article 49 TEU, which of the following is NOT considered as a European value for a state to apply for EU membership?

<p>Social engagement and security communities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enforcement mechanism against Member States for enforcing EU values is often referred to as the 'nuclear option'?

<p>Article 7 TEU (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of European integration emphasizes overcoming nationalism and providing peace through international organizations governed by experts?

<p>Functionalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective on European integration focuses on international relations theories such as realism, liberalism, and constructivism?

<p>European integration theories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Article 3 TEU, which of the following is NOT emphasized as a principle regarding EU values?

<p>Transactionalism and social engagement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of European integration emphasizes shared power between states and regional organizations, acceptance of politics, and the role of non-state actors in furthering integration?

<p>Neofunctionalism and supranationalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher's federalism theory rejects the presence of a state as an institution aimed at the exploitation of others' labor?

<p>Proudhon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Immanuel Kant, what is essential for achieving perpetual peace?

<p>Creation of a legal order (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the main figures constituting the Ventotene Manifesto?

<p>Ernesto Rossi and Altiero Spinelli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Mazzini's thoughts on European unity?

<p>Vehicle for achieving freedom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher emphasized subordination of states to a supranational government for achieving real freedom in international relations?

<p>Cattaneo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, who proposed the concept that peace cannot be obtained on the balance of powers and must be built by the creation of a legal order?

<p>Immanuel Kant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher's federalism theory denounces the illiberal and authoritarian limits of the unitary nation-state?

<p>Cattaneo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who denounced the presence of a state and considered it an institution aimed simply at the exploitation of others' labor?

<p>Proudhon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty introduced the Internal Market, cooperation procedure, and assent procedure, along with a stronger role of the European Parliament?

<p>The Single European Act of 1986 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 'empty chair crisis' of 1965?

<p>Establishment of the Luxembourg Compromise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty aimed to make EU institutions more efficient and legitimate?

<p>The Nice Treaty of 2001 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main principles guiding EU actions on the international scene?

<p>Democracy, human rights, and respect for international law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)?

<p>Peaceful management of coal and steel production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of European integration emphasizes overcoming nationalism and providing peace through international organizations governed by experts?

<p>Functionalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Schuman Declaration leading to the European Coal and Steel Community?

<p>Robert Schuman (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Article 3 TEU, which of the following is NOT emphasized as a principle regarding EU values?

<p>Economic prosperity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Paris Treaty of 1951?

<p>Creating a common market for coal and steel resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Fouchet Plans in 1961-62?

<p>France (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty established the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957?

<p>The Treaty of Rome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who served as the first president of the High Authority of the ECSC?

<p>Jean Monnet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did France propose in 1961-62?

<p>Forming a union of European peoples without supranational institutions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty established the European Union and introduced the three pillars of common foreign and security policy, cooperation in the field of justice and home affairs, and the establishment of European Union institutions?

<p>The Maastricht Treaty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Article 3 TEU, which of the following is NOT emphasized as a principle regarding EU values?

<p>Freedom from external interference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of Mazzini's thoughts?

<p>Overcoming nation states and totalitarian regimes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of European integration emphasizes the role of non-state actors in furthering integration?

<p>Neofunctionalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 7 TEU provide as an enforcement mechanism against Member States for enforcing EU values?

<p>Suspension of certain rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the emphasis of Article 3 TEU regarding EU values?

<p>Protection against social exclusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution represents governments within the EU decision-making process?

<p>European Council (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Immanuel Kant, what is the end of all hostilities?

<p>Democratic peace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treaty established the European Community and placed EU on equal footing with the European Union, expanded EU competences, and introduced the Charter of Fundamental Rights?

<p>Treaty of Lisbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor contributing to the EU's legitimation crisis?

<p>Democratic deficit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Schuman Declaration leading to the European Coal and Steel Community?

<p>Robert Schuman (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept involves shared competences among different levels and interconnected political arenas in the European Union?

<p>Multilevel governance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution plays a crucial role in the European Union and includes legal, political, economic, and cultural aspects?

<p>European Commission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern related to the European Union's survival that has been influenced by various crises such as economic, political, and migration?

<p>Disintegration of the EU (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle guides EU actions on the international scene and involves compromise, voluntary commitment, loyalty, cooperations, and dual logic of representation and democratic control?

<p>Dual logic of representation and democratic control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which EU institution represents governments within the EU decision-making process?

<p>Council (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the European Council within the EU decision-making process?

<p>Providing direction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treaty established the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957?

<p>Treaty of Rome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which actors aim to leverage market spill-overs within the European Union?

<p>[Regional bureaucrats](<a href="https://www.yourlink.com">https://www.yourlink.com</a>) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Article 49 TEU

Allows any European state respecting EU values to apply for EU membership.

EU values

Include social justice, equality, transparency, and open market economy among others.

Article 7 TEU

Mechanism to enforce EU values against Member States, allowing rights suspension.

Article 3 TEU

Highlights social justice, child rights, and cultural diversity within EU principles.

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European integration theories

Explain factors leading to EU integration and decision-making processes.

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Functionalism

Theory suggesting international organizations can promote peace through expertise.

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Federalism

Shared sovereignty and powers between Member States and common institutions.

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Transactionalism

Communication across nations fosters social engagement and security communities.

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Neofunctionalism

Emphasizes shared power between states and non-state actors in integration.

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Post WWII cooperation

Nation states formed a political system above them focusing on shared interests.

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International relations perspectives

Include realism, liberalism, and constructivism in understanding integration.

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Supranationalism

Shared governance where regional organizations influence member states.

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Multilevel governance

Shared competences among various political levels and interconnected arenas.

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EU institutional triangle

Involves legal, political, economic, and cultural aspects of the EU.

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Decision-making principles

Include compromise, loyalty, and democratic control in the EU process.

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Key EU institutions

Include the European Parliament, Commission, Council, and others.

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Legitimation crisis

Crisis faced by the EU due to various tensions undermining legitimacy.

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Market spill-overs

Regional bureaucrats leverage market effects for policy influence.

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Crisis impacts on EU

Numerous crises have undermined the EU's legitimacy and performance.

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Dual logic in EU

Represents the balance of representation and control in decision-making.

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Sincere cooperation

Member States are expected to act respectfully towards EU objectives.

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Proportionality

Actions taken by the EU must be appropriate and not exceed what is necessary.

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Subsidiarity

Decisions should be made as closely as possible to the citizens.

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Open market economy

Economic system based on free competition and voluntary trade.

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Child rights

Emphasized in EU principles, ensuring protection and well-being of children.

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Cultural diversity

Respect for various cultural backgrounds and identities within the EU.

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Intergenerational solidarity

Concept fostering balance and support across different age groups.

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European Council

Provides overall direction for the EU and consists of heads of states.

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Study Notes

  • Article 49 TEU: Any European state respecting EU values can apply for EU membership. Values include social justice, protection from social exclusion, intergenerational solidarity, child rights, respect for cultural diversity, sustainable development, conferral, subsidiarity, proportionality, sincere cooperation, equality, transparency, and open market economy.

  • Article 7 TEU: Enforcement mechanism against Member States for enforcing EU values. The "nuclear option" allows suspension of certain rights, subject to approval by the European Council.

  • Article 3 TEU: Emphasizes social justice and protection against social exclusion, intergenerational solidarity, children's rights, respect for cultural and linguistic diversity, and sustainable development, in addition to the aforementioned principles.

  • European integration: Theories attempt to explain factors leading to EU integration and the decision-making process. Theories include federalism, functionalism, confederalism, intergovernmentalism, and neofunctionalism.

  • Functionalism: Overcomes nationalism and provides peace through international organizations governed by experts. Form follows function, and the EU's structure may indicate a move towards a federal state.

  • Federalism: Shared sovereignty and powers between member states and common institutions, with a focus on peaceful co-existence and collaboration.

  • Transactionalism: Communication and trans-border actions across societies and nations drive social engagement and the formation of security communities.

  • Neofunctionalism and supranationalism: Emphasize shared power between states and regional organizations, acceptance of politics, and the role of non-state actors in furthering integration.

  • Post WWII: Nation states cooperated to form a political system above them, focusing on politics, economy, or law.

  • Perspectives on European integration: International relations (realism, liberalism, constructivism), constitutional state-building (multi-level governance and policy making), and theories of European integration (federalism, functionalism, confederalism, intergovernmentalism, neofunctionalism, and supranationalism).

  • MS (Member States) remain significant actors, but regional bureaucrats aim to leverage market spill-overs

  • Supranationalism's transnational feedback loop: market actors push for market-governing rules, new opportunities emerge

  • Multilevel governance: shared competences among different levels, interconnected political arenas

  • Supranational institutions, such as the European Commission and Court of Justice of the European Union, play a crucial role

  • Contestation on competence allocation and political parties impact the EU

  • The European Union faces a legitimation crisis due to various crises, such as economic, political, and migration

  • Disintegration of the EU is a concern, with theories questioning its survival and lack of unity

  • EU institutional triangle: legal, political, economic, and cultural aspects

  • Key EU institutions include the European Parliament, European Commission, Council, European Council, European Central Bank, and Court of Auditors

  • EU decision-making principles: compromise, voluntary commitment, loyalty, cooperations, dual logic of representation and democratic control

  • EU decision-making process involves the European Parliament (representing citizens), the European Commission (promoting general interest), the Council (representing governments), and the European Council (providing direction)

  • The EU has faced numerous crises, including economic, political, and migration, which have undermined its legitimacy and performance.

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