History of the Crusades and Renaissance
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the reasons for the spontaneous participation of common people in the Crusades?

  • They were promised financial rewards.
  • They were compelled by the monarchy.
  • They wanted to explore new lands.
  • They would be forgiven of their sins. (correct)

Which two Italian cities were significant trading centers that contributed to the support of the Crusades?

  • Venice and Florence
  • Naples and Turin
  • Venice and Genoa (correct)
  • Milan and Rome

What pivotal event marked the beginning of the first Crusade?

  • The fall of Constantinople
  • The death of Pope Eugenius III
  • The call to arms in 1096 C.E. (correct)
  • The victory of Saladin

Which major defeat did the Crusaders face in 1187 C.E.?

<p>The defeat by Saladin at Jerusalem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Renaissance' mean?

<p>Rebirth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many crusades were ultimately launched throughout the Crusades period?

<p>Nine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient traditions were revived during the Renaissance period in Europe?

<p>Greek and Roman traditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the broader impact of the Renaissance beyond the revival of ancient traditions?

<p>Overall development in many fields (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did King Thibaw of Myanmar take that concerned the British?

<p>He levied a fine on his subjects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the father of empirical science?

<p>Francis Bacon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What similar policy did the British employ concerning other leaders?

<p>They imprisoned them to ensure loyalty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was King Thibaw imprisoned after his defeat?

<p>In a palace specifically built for him. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist proposed that the center of our planetary system is the Sun?

<p>Nicolaus Copernicus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant economic impact of European colonialism?

<p>Competition among European countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant act did Lokmanya Tilak perform while imprisoned in Mandalay?

<p>He wrote a book named ‘Geetarahasya’. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a cause of the rise of colonialism?

<p>Search for new markets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which countries did King Thibaw of Myanmar attempt to ally with?

<p>Italy and Germany. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the act of a developed nation occupying the land of a less developed nation?

<p>Colonialism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for British concern regarding King Thibaw's actions?

<p>His military alliances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the Anglo-Nepalese wars?

<p>Diplomatic misunderstandings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the underlying reason for competition among European countries during colonialism?

<p>To gain economic, social and political supremacy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these continents saw significant European colonization?

<p>Asia (C), South America (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the British ensure that King Thibaw could not rise against them after his defeat?

<p>By isolating him from contact with his subjects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor was NOT mentioned as a cause of European colonialism?

<p>Desire to foster international peace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major driving factor behind the rise of colonialism in Europe?

<p>The Industrial Revolution increasing production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on July 4, 1776?

<p>The Declaration of Independence was adopted. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a consequence of colonialism for people in Asia and Africa?

<p>Enhanced political freedom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did colonialism affect the introduction of Christianity in colonized regions?

<p>It resulted in the decline of indigenous religions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who drafted the Declaration of Independence?

<p>Thomas Jefferson (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which basic human rights are declared in the Declaration of Independence?

<p>Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one perceived responsibility of European colonialists?

<p>To civilize the colonized peoples (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Stamp Act imposed by the British?

<p>To mandate purchasing special stamps for documents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic strategy did European nations utilize to maintain low production costs?

<p>Establishing monopolies on raw materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a positive outcome that emerged during the colonial period?

<p>Awareness of democratic systems among the populace (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the outcomes of the battles between the colonies and the British army?

<p>Colonies achieved decisive victories, beginning with Saratoga. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main motivation for England to establish colonies in North America?

<p>To earn commercial benefits and ensure welfare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two factors combined made it necessary for European nations to establish supremacy through colonialism?

<p>Creation of monopolies and requirement for raw materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Industrial Revolution influence European capitalists?

<p>It prompted them to seek secure markets for surplus capital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law authorized only British companies for sea transport?

<p>The Maritime Law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant societal measure adopted by European settlers in New Zealand?

<p>A democratic system of administration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the restrictions imposed by the Portuguese in India?

<p>Speaking indigenous languages (A), Building religious monuments (C), Celebrating local festivals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What incentive was offered to attract people under Portuguese rule?

<p>Employment opportunities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Vasco-da-Gama bring back to Portugal from India?

<p>Spices and commodities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the British 'factories' established in India?

<p>To store and sell goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What authority was granted to the British company in 1623?

<p>To adopt punitive measures for erring staff (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the expected trade return ratio for Vasco-da-Gama's profits?

<p>Sixty times the expenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which spice was noted as a rich resource by the King of Calicut?

<p>Cloves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the staff of the factories fulfill?

<p>Middlemen in trade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Renaissance Period

A period in European history marking a rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman traditions in art, architecture, philosophy, and other fields, laying the foundations for the modern era.

European Crusades

A series of religious wars launched by European Christians to reclaim holy lands from Muslim control.

Crusade Forgiveness

The Catholic Church offered forgiveness of sins and immediate entry to heaven for those participating in the Crusades.

Crusade motivations

Beyond religious motivations, political and economic factors like trade interests and power struggles often influenced the participation in Crusades.

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First Crusade

The initial crusade campaign launched in 1096 CE.

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Saladin's victory

The Muslim leader Saladin defeated the crusaders and captured Jerusalem in 1187 CE.

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Multiple Crusades

More than one major crusade campaign occurred after the initial attempt.

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Economic Motivations for Crusades

European merchants sought to expand their trade in Central Asia, thus contributing to support for the Crusades.

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Heliocentric theory

The idea that the sun is the center of our solar system, not the Earth.

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Empirical science

Science based on observation and experimentation.

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Colonialism

A policy of a nation seeking to extend its authority by acquiring territory elsewhere.

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Imperialism

A broader concept including colonialism, often implying political and economic dominance over a territory.

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Causes of Colonialism

Motivations behind nations creating colonies, including economic gain, resource acquisition, and spread of influence.

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Consequences of Colonialism

Negative and positive effects resulting from the creation of colonial empires, often involving exploitation and cultural exchange.

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European Colonialism

The European nations establishing and controlling colonies in various parts of the world.

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Economic Nationalism

Economic policies emphasizing the needs of a nation's own economy.

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Industrial Revolution's Impact

Industrialization led to an increased need for overseas markets and raw materials, driving the growth of colonialism.

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Colonial Market Need

European countries sought new markets to sell surplus manufactured goods produced by industrialization.

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Raw Material Sourcing

Colonial powers needed raw materials at cheaper prices and to maintain competitiveness in global markets.

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Capital Investment

Industrial expansion led to wealth and surplus capital seeking profitable investment opportunities in colonies.

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Economic Exploitation

Colonialism involved the economic exploitation of colonized peoples and resources, leading to poverty in those regions.

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Loss of Independence

Colonialism resulted in the loss of political autonomy for colonized peoples.

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Positive Colonial Impacts

Increased awareness of democratic ideals, legal systems, and education occurred during colonization.

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Myanmar's Inspiration

Myanmar's independence movement was influenced by India's successful fight for freedom.

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French Influence in Vietnam

France had a strong presence in Vietnam (Indochina) before the region's independence.

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King Thibaw's Pact

King Thibaw of Myanmar attempted to form alliances with Italy and Germany, alarming the British.

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British Motives for War

The British declared war on Myanmar due to King Thibaw's actions, including a fine levied on British traders.

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Gurkha Army's Size

The Gurkha army, known for its fierceness, was relatively small, with only 10-12 thousand soldiers.

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King Thibaw's Imprisonment

After his defeat, King Thibaw was imprisoned by the British in Ratnagiri, India, to prevent any rebellion or contact with his people.

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Ratnagiri Palace

A palace was built for King Thibaw in Ratnagiri, featuring a large hall, marble floors, and beautiful windows.

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Lokmanya Tilak's Imprisonment

Indian nationalist leader Lokmanya Tilak was imprisoned in Mandalay, Myanmar, by the British to keep him away from the independence movement.

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Colonies in North America

The British established thirteen colonies in North America, starting with Jamestown in 1607. These colonies stretched from New England to Carolina, along the coast.

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Declaration of Independence

A document adopted on July 4th, 1776, by the thirteen American colonies, declaring their independence from Great Britain. It was drafted by Thomas Jefferson.

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What were the main aims of the colonies?

Besides commercial benefits, the colonies aimed to improve the welfare of their home country, England, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

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What was the Maritime Law?

A law imposed by England that allowed only British companies to handle sea transport for its colonies. This was a restriction on colonial trade.

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What was the Stamp Act?

A law passed in 1765 by the British government that forced colonists to buy special stamps for important documents. This was another restriction.

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What key rights were stated in the Declaration of Independence?

The document stated three basic human rights: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. These were declared as natural rights that no one could take away.

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Why did the colonies resist the British rule?

The colonies resisted the British rule due to multiple restrictions imposed by the British government, such as the Maritime Law and the Stamp Act.

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How did the colonies finally gain independence?

Through a series of battles, some of which resulted in decisive victories like Saratoga, the colonies finally defeated the British army, securing their independence.

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Portuguese Trade in India

The Portuguese, led by Vasco da Gama, established trade relations with India in the 15th century, aiming to acquire spices and precious stones in exchange for gold, silver, and corals. They established a monopoly on trade, which resulted in significant profits.

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Portuguese Restrictions in India

To maintain control over trade, the Portuguese implemented strict policies, including the prohibition of building religious monuments except churches, suppression of local languages, and banning celebrations of religious festivals or weddings.

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British 'Factories' in India

Due to the need for a permanent place to store goods, the British East India Company built 'factories' (emporiums) in India. These served as warehouses, allowing the company to buy goods at low prices and store them before transporting them back to England.

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British Staff and Monopoly

The British East India Company had its own staff, known as 'factors', who managed the trade in India. The company was granted a monopoly on trade in the East by the British government, which also allowed it to build forts, maintain an army, and negotiate treaties with non-Christian rulers.

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What made trading in India difficult?

Trading transactions were time-consuming and involved complicated procedures, causing delays. This required the British traders to stay in India for extended periods, often 9-13 months.

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Why did the British build 'factories'?

The British needed a permanent base in India to store goods they purchased at low prices. These 'factories' acted as warehouses, enabling them to manage supplies and transportation efficiently.

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What were the 'factors'?

The staff working in the British East India Company's 'factories' were called 'factors'. They managed the company's trade operations in India, buying and selling goods and overseeing the logistics.

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What privileges did the British East India Company receive?

The British government granted the East India Company a monopoly on trade in the East, allowing it to build forts, maintain an army, and make treaties with non-Christian rulers, expanding its influence and power.

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Study Notes

Fundamental Duties

  • Every citizen of India has fundamental duties.
  • Abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals, institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
  • Cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
  • Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
  • Defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
  • Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all people, transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities.
  • Value and preserve the rich heritage of India's composite culture.
  • Protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.
  • Develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
  • Safeguard public property and abjure violence.
  • Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
  • Give children opportunities for education from the age of six to fourteen.

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12th Std History Textbook PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the key events and figures of the Crusades and the Renaissance period. This quiz explores significant battles, influential cities, and important scientific discoveries that shaped history. Challenge yourself and see how well you know this transformative era.

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