Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the important religious ceremonies called?
What are the important religious ceremonies called?
Sacraments
What are the key characteristics of a knight?
What are the key characteristics of a knight?
a warrior in medieval Europe who fought on horseback
What was the intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements called?
What was the intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements called?
Humanism
What was the title of a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals?
What was the title of a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals?
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What was the name given to a long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia?
What was the name given to a long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia?
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What was a key location for Jesus's life and teachings?
What was a key location for Jesus's life and teachings?
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What was the name of the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced in the Middle Ages?
What was the name of the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced in the Middle Ages?
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What is the scientific name for the disease that caused the Bubonic Plague?
What is the scientific name for the disease that caused the Bubonic Plague?
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What is a rebirth or revival called?
What is a rebirth or revival called?
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What is the belief that nothing can ever be known for certain called?
What is the belief that nothing can ever be known for certain called?
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What is the act of banishment from the church called?
What is the act of banishment from the church called?
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Who are the followers of Martin Luther called?
Who are the followers of Martin Luther called?
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What does the word 'annul' mean?
What does the word 'annul' mean?
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What are states whose populations share a sense of national identity called?
What are states whose populations share a sense of national identity called?
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What was the invention from the 15th century that revolutionized the ability to print information and, in turn, affected the speed of the spread of information?
What was the invention from the 15th century that revolutionized the ability to print information and, in turn, affected the speed of the spread of information?
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Who is considered one of the greatest English writers, being both an English poet and dramatist?
Who is considered one of the greatest English writers, being both an English poet and dramatist?
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Who was an Italian painter, sculptor, engineer, and inventor who is famous for his paintings The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper?
Who was an Italian painter, sculptor, engineer, and inventor who is famous for his paintings The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper?
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Who was an Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect famous for his work on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and his sculpture of David?
Who was an Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect famous for his work on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and his sculpture of David?
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Who was the first person in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press?
Who was the first person in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press?
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What is a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease called?
What is a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease called?
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What is the name for an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in Medieval Europe?
What is the name for an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in Medieval Europe?
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What was a person called who received a grant from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services?
What was a person called who received a grant from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services?
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In the feudal system, what was a person called who was legally bound to live on a lord's estate and work for them?
In the feudal system, what was a person called who was legally bound to live on a lord's estate and work for them?
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What was the term for a lord's estate in Medieval Europe?
What was the term for a lord's estate in Medieval Europe?
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What was the name for a code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe that emphasized courage, loyalty, and devotion?
What was the name for a code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe that emphasized courage, loyalty, and devotion?
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What is the term for a body of officials who perform religious services?
What is the term for a body of officials who perform religious services?
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What was the name for a social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return?
What was the name for a social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return?
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What was the term for the church punishment that refused sacraments to individuals, also freeing vassals from service?
What was the term for the church punishment that refused sacraments to individuals, also freeing vassals from service?
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What was the name for the traders, explorers, and conquerors from Scandinavia who disrupted European rule and trade during the middle ages?
What was the name for the traders, explorers, and conquerors from Scandinavia who disrupted European rule and trade during the middle ages?
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What is the Latin word for middle ages?
What is the Latin word for middle ages?
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What is the name for the agreement that would allow a vassal to gain a fief in exchange for his military service to the lord?
What is the name for the agreement that would allow a vassal to gain a fief in exchange for his military service to the lord?
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What is the term for non-religious matters?
What is the term for non-religious matters?
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Who is responsible for authoring the 95 Theses, posted in 1517, that challenged the Catholic Church and helped to spark the Protestant Reformation?
Who is responsible for authoring the 95 Theses, posted in 1517, that challenged the Catholic Church and helped to spark the Protestant Reformation?
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What was the name of the arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic Church, that were posted on October 31, 1517?
What was the name of the arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic Church, that were posted on October 31, 1517?
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What is the name of the religious movement in the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches?
What is the name of the religious movement in the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches?
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What is the name for a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin?
What is the name for a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin?
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What is the term for the selling of church offices?
What is the term for the selling of church offices?
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What is the name for a form of government where the ruler has absolute power, not restricted by a constitution or laws?
What is the name for a form of government where the ruler has absolute power, not restricted by a constitution or laws?
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What is the belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God called?
What is the belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God called?
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What is the name for a system of government where the head of state is a hereditary position, and the king or queen has almost complete power?
What is the name for a system of government where the head of state is a hereditary position, and the king or queen has almost complete power?
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What is the term for the unique importance of each individual?
What is the term for the unique importance of each individual?
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Who are those who protested against the Roman Catholic Church called?
Who are those who protested against the Roman Catholic Church called?
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What was the term for a person who gave financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity?
What was the term for a person who gave financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity?
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In the context of exploration, what are the 3 G's that are often cited as reasons for exploration?
In the context of exploration, what are the 3 G's that are often cited as reasons for exploration?
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What is the term for a Spanish conqueror of the Americas?
What is the term for a Spanish conqueror of the Americas?
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Who was the Conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico?
Who was the Conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico?
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Who was the Conquistador who sought gold and conquered the Incas?
Who was the Conquistador who sought gold and conquered the Incas?
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What is the term for Early-sixteenth-century Spanish explorers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru?
What is the term for Early-sixteenth-century Spanish explorers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru?
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What was the term for the system of trade between Africa, America, and Europe, in which slaves went from Africa to America, raw materials went from America to Europe, and manufactured goods went from Europe to Africa?
What was the term for the system of trade between Africa, America, and Europe, in which slaves went from Africa to America, raw materials went from America to Europe, and manufactured goods went from Europe to Africa?
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What is the term used to describe the middle section of the Triangular Trade, the voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies?
What is the term used to describe the middle section of the Triangular Trade, the voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies?
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What is the term for the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages?
What is the term for the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages?
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What is the name for an economic policy where nations try to gather as much gold and silver as possible, often done by controlling trade and establishing colonies?
What is the name for an economic policy where nations try to gather as much gold and silver as possible, often done by controlling trade and establishing colonies?
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What is the term for a smaller, weaker country that is taken over by a bigger, more powerful country?
What is the term for a smaller, weaker country that is taken over by a bigger, more powerful country?
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What was the name for a small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic?
What was the name for a small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic?
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What is the condition in which an organism can resist disease called?
What is the condition in which an organism can resist disease called?
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What is the term for a person sent on a religious mission, especially one promoting Christianity in a foreign country?
What is the term for a person sent on a religious mission, especially one promoting Christianity in a foreign country?
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What were two main reasons that contributed to the ease with which conquistadors were able to conquer native tribes?
What were two main reasons that contributed to the ease with which conquistadors were able to conquer native tribes?
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What was the name for the period of European history during the 1400s to 1600s when Europeans wanted to find sea routes to Asia?
What was the name for the period of European history during the 1400s to 1600s when Europeans wanted to find sea routes to Asia?
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What was the name of the 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain that declared that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal?
What was the name of the 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain that declared that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal?
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Who was the last ruling Inca emperor of Peru, who was executed by the Spanish?
Who was the last ruling Inca emperor of Peru, who was executed by the Spanish?
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What was the name for the civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in present-day Mexico City?
What was the name for the civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in present-day Mexico City?
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Who was the explorer who mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India?
Who was the explorer who mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India?
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What was the name for a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it?
What was the name for a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it?
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What was the name for the civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru?
What was the name for the civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru?
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What was the name for the Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico, known for their achievements in mathematics, architecture, and their 365-day calendar?
What was the name for the Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico, known for their achievements in mathematics, architecture, and their 365-day calendar?
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What was the name for the Incan labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler?
What was the name for the Incan labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler?
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During Spanish colonial rule in Latin America, who were the Spanish-born settlers who came to Latin America and held the highest social class?
During Spanish colonial rule in Latin America, who were the Spanish-born settlers who came to Latin America and held the highest social class?
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What was the term for people of African and European descent?
What was the term for people of African and European descent?
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What was the term for the trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas, which lasted from the 16th century until the 19th century?
What was the term for the trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas, which lasted from the 16th century until the 19th century?
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What is the term for a Muslim place of worship?
What is the term for a Muslim place of worship?
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What is the name for a government ruled by a king or queen?
What is the name for a government ruled by a king or queen?
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What is the term for a government controlled by religious leaders?
What is the term for a government controlled by religious leaders?
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What is a system of government in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them called?
What is a system of government in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them called?
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What is the term for a powerful family or group of rulers that maintains its position or power for some time?
What is the term for a powerful family or group of rulers that maintains its position or power for some time?
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What is the term for a government ruled by a few powerful people?
What is the term for a government ruled by a few powerful people?
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What is the term for when an individual or institution has absolute power in a system of government?
What is the term for when an individual or institution has absolute power in a system of government?
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What is the another term for church officials?
What is the another term for church officials?
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What is the name for a form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws?
What is the name for a form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws?
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What historical trade route connected China, India, and the Middle East, helping to spread goods and culture?
What historical trade route connected China, India, and the Middle East, helping to spread goods and culture?
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What is a religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed, which stresses belief in one God (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran?
What is a religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed, which stresses belief in one God (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran?
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What is the holy book of Islam?
What is the holy book of Islam?
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What is the name of the holy books used by Christians and containing the Old and New Testaments?
What is the name of the holy books used by Christians and containing the Old and New Testaments?
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What is the name of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible?
What is the name of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible?
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What is the religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus?
What is the religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus?
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What is the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah?
What is the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah?
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What is the belief in one God called?
What is the belief in one God called?
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What is the worship of many gods called?
What is the worship of many gods called?
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What is the religion based on the teachings of the Buddha?
What is the religion based on the teachings of the Buddha?
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What is the religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being?
What is the religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being?
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What is a territory governed as a political district of a country or empire called?
What is a territory governed as a political district of a country or empire called?
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Who were the people from Central Asia who, when united, created the largest single land empire in history?
Who were the people from Central Asia who, when united, created the largest single land empire in history?
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What is the name for people with no permanent abode who move from place to place, often in search of fresh pasture for their livestock?
What is the name for people with no permanent abode who move from place to place, often in search of fresh pasture for their livestock?
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What is the name for the system of government where citizens vote on laws and select officials directly?
What is the name for the system of government where citizens vote on laws and select officials directly?
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What is the term for the blending of two or more religious belief systems into a new system?
What is the term for the blending of two or more religious belief systems into a new system?
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What is the name of the people who spread throughout Africa, spreading agriculture, language, and iron?
What is the name of the people who spread throughout Africa, spreading agriculture, language, and iron?
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What is the term for a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state?
What is the term for a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state?
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What is the term for a group of traveling merchants and animals?
What is the term for a group of traveling merchants and animals?
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Study Notes
Sacraments
- Important religious ceremonies
Knights
- Warriors in medieval Europe who fought on horseback
Humanism
- Intellectual movement focusing on human potential and achievements
Lord
- Person in feudal Europe who controlled land and granted estates to vassals
Crusades
- Series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia
Holy Land
- Jerusalem and surrounding areas where Jesus lived and taught
Black Death
- Epidemic form of bubonic plague that killed nearly half of Western Europe's population during the Middle Ages
Bubonic Plague
- Disease brought to Europe during the Middle Ages affecting nearly one-third of the population; caused by a bacterial infection spreading primarily via fleas carried by rats and responsible for social and economic shifts and the eventual end of feudalism
Renaissance
- Rebirth or revival
Skepticism
- Belief that nothing can ever be known for certain
Excommunication
- Banishment from the church
Lutherans
- Followers of Martin Luther
Annul
- Declare invalid
Nation-States
- States with populations sharing a national identity, usually linked by language and culture
Printing Press
- 15th-century invention revolutionizing the spread of information
Shakespeare
- English poet and dramatist, considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)
DaVinci
- Italian painter, sculptor, engineer, inventor; created Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Michelangelo
- Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect (1475-1564); famous for the Sistine Chapel ceiling and David sculpture
Johann Gutenberg
- German printer who pioneered movable type printing in Europe (1400-1468)
Epidemic
- Widespread outbreak of infectious disease
Yersinia pestis
- Bacteria causing bubonic plague
Fief
- Estate granted to a vassal by a lord under feudalism
Vassal
- Person receiving a grant from a lord in exchange for loyalty and service
Knight
- Armored warrior who fought on horseback; pledged to defend their lord's land in exchange for a fief
Serf
- Medieval peasant legally bound to a lord's estate; their labor belonged to the lord
Manor
- Lord's estate; Manor system was the basic economic arrangement during the Middle Ages based on rights & obligations between lord and serfs; lord provided housing, farmland, and protection, serfs maintained the estate with their labor
Chivalry
- Code of behavior for knights, emphasizing courage, loyalty, and devotion to their masters
Clergy
- Body of religious officials (priests, ministers, rabbis); different ranks under the authority of the pope
Feudalism
- Social system in medieval Europe where people worked and fought for nobles, receiving protection and land use in return
Excommunication (reiteration)
- Church punishment refusing sacraments to individuals, and freeing vassals from service
Vikings
- Traders, explorers, and conquerors from Scandinavia disrupting European rule and trade in the Middle Ages
Medieval
- Latin for "middle ages"
Feudal contract
- Agreement where a vassal gained a fief in exchange for military service to a lord
Secular
- Non-religious matters
Martin Luther
- Initiator of the Protestant Reformation; challenged papal power and absolutist rule; believed baptism and communion were the only two sacraments
95 Theses
- Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church, posted in 1517
Reformation
- Religious movement of the 16th century reforming the Catholic Church and establishing Protestant churches
Indulgence
- Pardon releasing a person from sin-related punishments
Simony
- Selling of church offices
Absolutism
- System of government where a ruler holds absolute power, not restricted by law or opposition
Divine Right
- Belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God
Absolute Monarchy
- System of hereditary rule where the king or queen possesses almost complete power
Individualism
- Emphasis on the unique importance of each individual
Protestants
- Those who protested against the Roman Catholic Church
Patron
- Supporter of a person, organization, cause, or activity
Causes of Exploration
- Three G's: gold, God, glory (wealth, Christianity, national competition)
Conquistador
- Spanish conqueror of the Americas
Hernan Cortes
- Conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico
Francisco Pizarro
- Conquistador who conquered the Incas
Conquistadors
- 16th-century Spanish explorers conquering Mexico, Central America, and Peru
Triangular Trade
- Three-part trading system: Africa (slaves) to Americas (raw materials), Americas to Europe (goods), Europe to Africa (guns, rum)
Middle Passage
- Forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas
Columbian Exchange
- Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world after Columbus's voyages
Mercantilism
- Economic policy where nations gather gold and silver through trade control and colonies
Colony
- Smaller, weaker country taken over by a more powerful country
Caravel
- Small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used in Atlantic exploration by Portugal and Spain
Immunity
- Organism's resistance to disease
Missionary
- Person sent on a religious mission, especially to promote Christianity
Reasons conquistadors easily conquered native tribes
- Superior weapons and diseases
Age of Exploration and Discovery
- 1400-1600; Europeans sought better access to Asian goods, sea routes, with technological improvements (compass, astrolabe, cartography, lateen sails) as key factors
Treaty of Tordesillas/Line of Demarcation
- 1494 agreement dividing newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal
Atahualpa
- Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru, executed by the Spanish
Aztecs
- Ancient civilization in present-day Mexico City (1200-1521 AD)
Christopher Columbus
- European explorer who "discovered" the Americas in 1492
Encomienda
- Grant of land in the Americas by Spain, allowing settlers to use Native Americans as labor
Incas
- Ancient civilization in the Andes Mountains, Peru (1200-1500 AD)
Mayans
- Mesoamerican civilization in Central America and southern Mexico (4th-12th centuries CE); known for advancements in mathematics, architecture, and calendar systems
Mita
- Inca labor system based on shared obligations and work projects
Peninsulares
- Spanish-born citizens of Latin America; highest social class
Mulattoes
- People of African and European descent
Atlantic Slave Trade
- Trading of African people from Western Africa to the Americas (16th-19th centuries)
Mosque
- Muslim place of worship
Monarchy
- Government ruled by a king or queen
Theocracy
- Government controlled by religious leaders
Democracy
- Political system where supreme power rests with citizens electing representatives
Dynasty
- Powerful family or group holding ruling power for some time
Oligarchy
- Government ruled by a few powerful people
Autocracy
- System of government with one person holding absolute power
Clergy (reiteration)
- Church officials
Republic
- Form of government where people elect representatives
Silk Road
- Network connecting China, India, and the Middle East; facilitating trade and cultural exchange
Islam
- Religion based on the teachings of the Prophet Mohammed (belief in one God, Paradise and Hell, Quranic law); followers are called Muslims
Quran
- Holy book of Islam
Bible
- Holy book of Christians
Torah
- First five books of the Hebrew Bible
Christianity
- Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus
Judaism
- Monotheistic religion of the Jews, focused on the Torah
Monotheism
- Belief in one God
Polytheism
- Belief in many gods
Buddhism
- Religion based on the teachings of the Buddha
Hinduism
- Religion and philosophy from ancient India, emphasizing reincarnation and a supreme being
Annex
- To add or attach
Province
- Political district of a country or empire
Mongols
- Central Asian people creating a vast land empire
Nomads
- People with no permanent home, moving to find pasture for livestock
Direct Democracy
- System where citizens directly vote on laws and select officials
Syncretism
- Combining two or more religious belief systems
Bantu
- People who spread agriculture, language, and iron throughout Africa
City-state
- Independent city and surrounding territory
Caravan
- Group of traveling merchants and animals
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Description
Test your knowledge on various aspects of medieval history, including key events, important figures, and significant movements such as the Crusades and the Renaissance. This quiz covers topics from the religious ceremonies of sacraments to the impact of the Black Death. Prepare to explore the intricate tapestry of the Middle Ages!
