History of Science and Technology in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

What level of technological development did early Filipinos achieve compared to other East Asian cultures?

Equal to Chinese technology

Superior to Japanese technology

Relatively simple and sufficient for their needs (correct)

Highly advanced with complex systems

Which of the following historical periods does not reflect the technological advancements in the Philippines?

Colonial period

Pre-colonial period

Post-colonial period

The Spanish conquest period (correct)

What aspect of life in the Philippine Islands before colonization reflects the application of scientific principles?

Construction of large urban centers

Development of advanced machinery for trade

Establishment of autonomous communities and self-sufficiency (correct)

Cultivation of crops using modern fertilizers

What was one of the significant consequences of archaeological findings in the Philippines during the early era?

Evidence of trade with neighboring countries Signup and view all the answers

What was a key focus of early Filipino communities that reflects their use of technology?

Crafting tools and ornaments for daily use Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of barangays in pre-colonial Philippine society?

To act as independent units of government Signup and view all the answers

Which architectural style emerged as a result of Spanish colonization in the Philippines?

Bahay na Bato Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Bayanihan' represent in Philippine culture?

The spirit of communal unity and cooperation Signup and view all the answers

What major contribution did the Spanish make to science and technology in the Philippines during their colonization?

The introduction of formal education and scientific institutions Signup and view all the answers

What is Intramuros known for?

Being surrounded by thick walls and moats Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of a nipa hut?

Covered with thatched leaves of nipa or anahaw Signup and view all the answers

What was the former use of Paco Park during the Spanish period?

A cemetery Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic defines the Filipino settlements known as barangays?

They consisted of 30 to 100 families and were independent Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated age of the earliest people in the Philippines, linked to Homo luzonensis?

67,000 years Signup and view all the answers

Which prehistoric animals' fossils have been discovered in the Philippines?

Stegodons and giant turtles Signup and view all the answers

What kind of tools are associated with the Paleolithic period in the Philippines?

Stone adzes Signup and view all the answers

Where were the oldest known shell ornaments found?

Duyong Cave Signup and view all the answers

What does the discovery of stone tools in places like Penablanca and Cagayan suggest about early Philippine inhabitants?

They engaged in hunting and gathering Signup and view all the answers

In which period do scientists estimate that the Philippine islands started to form?

70 million years ago Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about the shell disk found next to the adult male in Duyong Cave?

It was part of a burial ritual Signup and view all the answers

What materials were notably used by people during the Metal Age in the Philippines?

Gold, bronze, brass, and copper Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle did early humans in the Philippines adopt, as evidenced by archaeological findings?

Nomadic hunting and gathering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the Bronze Age in the Philippines?

Bronze appeared only briefly without a definitive Bronze Age. Signup and view all the answers

What significant agricultural practice did the inhabitants learn during the Metal Age?

Cultivation of lowland rice and terraced fields Signup and view all the answers

What type of boats were noted by Spanish chronicles as being used in the Metal Age for interisland trade?

Plank-built warships called caracoa Signup and view all the answers

What notable archaeological evidence was found in Sagel Cave in Mindanao?

Non-anthropomorphic jar burial associated with iron and beads Signup and view all the answers

How did the Metal Age affect the pace of life for the inhabitants of the Philippines?

It made life much faster than before. Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant feature of the Banaue rice terraces?

They were created over 2,000 years ago by the Ifugao people. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of the bead made from fossilized shell found in the Sagel Cave burial?

An ornamental piece Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Colegio de Santa Potenciana?

To shelter orphans of the military Signup and view all the answers

Who established the Colegio de San Ignacio?

Fr. Antonio Sedeño Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the educational system during the Spanish era in the Philippines?

Religion-centered with a separate approach for boys and girls Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major effects of the Spanish colonial education in the Philippines?

It privileged education only to Spanish students Signup and view all the answers

Which act created the Commission on Volcanology in the Philippines?

Republic Act No. 766 Signup and view all the answers

During whose presidency was the NSDB renamed to the National Science and Technology Authority?

Ferdinand Marcos Signup and view all the answers

Which president introduced the Philippine Inventors Incentives Act?

Diosdado Macapagal Signup and view all the answers

Which college was the first established for boys in the Philippines?

Colegio de San Ignacio Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stone Age in the Philippines

The Philippine islands formed approximately 70 million years ago.
Earliest inhabitants belonged to the hominin species Homo luzonensis, dating back around 67,000 years.
Evidence of mobile lifestyles through hunting and gathering; early humans lived in caves and utilized fire and stone tools.
Fossils of large migrating animals, such as stegodons and giant turtles, found in Palawan and Cagayan Valley.

Stone Age Tools

Stone adzes, dating back 0.9 million years, discovered in various caves in Cagayan, Isabela, and Pampanga.
The oldest known ornaments made from cone shells, dated to 4854 B.C., were unearthed in Duyong Cave, Palawan.

Pre-Colonial Period

Early Filipinos formed autonomous communities and practiced self-sufficiency before Spanish colonization.
Technological development in early Filipino communities was adequate for their needs, varying in complexity compared to neighboring cultures.

Metal Age

Introduction of metals like gold, bronze, brass, and copper around 500 BC to 500 AD.
Boats and intricate irrigation systems developed for trade and agriculture, including the famous Banaue rice terraces, engineered over 2,000 years ago.

Infrastructure and Governance

Settlements known as barangays, comprising 30 to 100 families, were independent and led by a datu.
Early Filipinos practiced farming and medicine using local plants and herbs.

Colonial Period

Spanish colonization facilitated the introduction of formal education and establishment of scientific institutions.
The nipa hut transitioned to stone houses, known as bahay na bato, reflecting cultural influences.
Intramuros, built in the 16th century, represented the oldest district in Manila, enclosed by thick walls.

Education During Spanish Era

Education was centered around Christianity, segregated by gender, with institutions like Colegio de San Ignacio for boys and Colegio de Santa Potenciana for girls.
A privileged educational system primarily benefitted Spanish citizens, creating a class of educated Filipinos known as ilustrados.

Post-Colonial Developments

After independence, various administrations emphasized advancements in science and technology.
The Commission on Volcanology (COMVOL) was established under Elpidio R. Quirino to address volcanic risks.
The National Science Development Board (NSDB) was created to oversee science policy under Carlos P. Garcia's presidency.
Diosdado Macapagal introduced the Philippine Inventors Incentives Act to encourage local inventions.
Ferdinand Marcos restructured the NSDB into the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA).

Key Contributions and Innovations

The Philippines exhibited long-established industries such as mining, agriculture, and fishing before Spanish rule, showcasing connections with neighboring Asian nations.

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Description

This quiz explores the developments in science and technology in the Philippines, focusing on key events such as the Science Act of 1958. It also delves into the early history of the Stone Age in the Philippines and how these advancements impacted various sectors like agriculture and infrastructure.