History of Russian Revolutions
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Questions and Answers

What was the main goal of the Socialist Revolutionaries in Russia?

  • To support the autocracy
  • To establish a parliamentary system
  • To organize a workers' strike
  • To transfer land from nobles to peasants (correct)

    • Lenin viewed peasants as a united group with the same interests.

    False

    Who were the two main factions of the Social Democratic Party?

    Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

    The year 1904 was particularly challenging for Russian workers as real wages declined by ____ percent.

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following groups with their leaders:

    <p>Bolsheviks = Vladimir Lenin Mensheviks = Julius Martov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main demands of the workers during the strikes in St Petersburg?

    <p>Higher wages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1905 Revolution aimed to establish a constitution in Russia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic condition in 1904 specifically aggravated workers' unrest?

    <p>Rising prices of essential goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key ideology of Liberals in 19th century Europe?

    <p>Opposition to absolutist monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radicals in 19th century Europe were primarily focused on maintaining the privileges of landowners.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement did Radicals in the 19th century Europe support?

    <p>Women's suffragette movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conservatives primarily opposed both the __________ and the __________.

    <p>radicals, liberals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following political ideologies with their descriptions:

    <p>Liberals = Opposed absolutist monarchy Radicals = Supported women’s suffrage Conservatives = Maintained traditional privileges Socialists = Advocated for wealth redistribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the ideology of the Radicals?

    <p>They disliked the concentration of wealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liberals advocated for the voting rights of all adult males regardless of property ownership.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the conservative Chancellor of Germany in 1871?

    <p>Otto Von Bismarck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of Bloody Sunday in 1905?

    <p>Eruption of strikes across the country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The initial participation of Russia in the First World War enjoyed mass support from the public.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the peaceful procession to the Winter Palace on Bloody Sunday?

    <p>Father Gapon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tsarina Alexandra faced public discontent due to her ______ roots.

    <p>German</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the event with its outcome:

    <p>Bloody Sunday = Strikes across Russia Formation of the Duma = Increased governmental control World War I = Growing unpopularity of the Tsar Renaming of St. Petersburg = Anti-German sentiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a response to the violence of Bloody Sunday?

    <p>Request for an immediate end to World War I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first Duma lasted more than 75 days before being dismissed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did students do in response to the events of Bloody Sunday?

    <p>Boycotted universities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the new name given to the Bolshevik Party?

    <p>Russian Communist Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bolsheviks gained a majority in the elections to the Constituent Assembly in November 1917.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treaty did Russia sign to exit World War I under Bolshevik rule?

    <p>Brest Litovsk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lenin dismissed the __________ Assembly after it rejected Bolshevik measures.

    <p>Constituent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their corresponding dates:

    <p>Bolshevik Party renamed = November 1917 Constituent Assembly dismissed = January 1918 End of Russia's war participation = Treaty of Brest Litovsk Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets = October 26, 1917</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in the political landscape of Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution?

    <p>Establishment of a one-party system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Art and architecture in Russia underwent traditional styles under Lenin's regime.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Lenin's agenda concerning political parties in Russia?

    <p>To establish a one-party system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On what date did Tsar Nicholas II abdicate the throne?

    <p>2nd March 1917</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Provisional Government was formed by the Soviet leaders and Duma leaders.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the demands made by Vladimir Lenin in his April Theses.

    <p>To end the war with immediate effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Provisional Government continued to participate in _____, which led to food shortages.

    <p>World War I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a group in the Provisional Government?

    <p>Peasants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vladimir Lenin renamed the Bolshevik party to the Socialist Party.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of World War I on industries in Russia?

    <p>Equipment broke down, lacked supplies of raw material, and shortage of manpower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following figures with their actions or roles:

    <p>Tsar Nicholas II = Abdicated the throne on 2nd March 1917 Vladimir Lenin = Returned from exile in April 1917 Provisional Government = Formed to run the country after the February Revolution Bolshevik Party = Renamed to the Communist Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary role of the Cheka in early Soviet Russia?

    <p>To monitor and punish critics of the government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bolsheviks, known as the 'Reds', received support from the French and American troops during the Civil War.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant social change did the Bolsheviks implement regarding land?

    <p>Land was socialised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The civil war lasted throughout _____ and _____ in Russia.

    <p>1918, 1919</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each group involved in the Russian Civil War with its description:

    <p>Bolsheviks = Reds who aimed to establish a socialist state Greens = Non-Bolshevik Socialists fighting for political representation Whites = Pro-Tsarists seeking to restore the monarchy Cheka = The secret police enforcing Lenin’s policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following were the main groups in the Russian Civil War?

    <p>Reds, Greens, Whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lenin’s policies faced no opposition during his leadership in Russia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one effect of land re-distribution during Lenin's policies?

    <p>Soldiers deserted forces to return to villages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

    • The French Revolution instilled confidence in people to reshape society and championed individual rights.
    • The 19th-century social structure in Europe began to be challenged.
    • Emerging political ideologies included Liberal, Radical, and Conservative views.
    • Liberals sought religious tolerance, opposed absolute monarchy, advocated for elected parliaments, and supported an independent judiciary. They did not support universal adult franchise but did support property-owning men's right to vote and not women's.
    • Radicals envisioned majority support from the population and backed women's rights. They disliked concentrated wealth in the hands of a few and opposed the privileged classes.
    • Conservatives opposed social change and championed traditional ways of life and social hierarchies.
    • The Industrial Revolution led to social upheaval with factories rising, new industrial cities, and a surge in factory workers.
    • A sharp increase in unemployment followed when the demand for industrial items was low.
    • Working conditions were poor with long hours and low wages, which affected men's and women's livelihoods.
    • Poor housing and sanitation issues increased as more towns developed around industries.
    • Liberals and radicals sought to solve working-class problems in industry.
    • 1815 saw nationalists, liberals, and radicals becoming revolutionaries
    • Nationalists strived for independent nation-states and equal rights for citizens.
    • The idea of nationalism arose from a desire to overthrow existing monarchs.
    • Italy unified with a nationalist ideology, spearheaded by Guiseppe Mazzini.
    • Socialism emerged as a structured ideology in the 19th century, seeing private property as the root of social evils and gaining popularity among the working class.
    • Socialists advocated for public ownership of resources and cooperation among individuals.
    • Robert Owen promoted cooperatives as an alternative to private property, establishing New Harmony.
    • Louis Blanc championed government-supported cooperatives to replace capitalism.
    • Karl Marx argued that industrial society is capitalist and believed that workers’ conditions wouldn’t improve if capitalists controlled profits.
    • Marx advocated for a communist society, where all property is controlled socially.
    • Marx introduced 'capitalists', referring to the propertied class in society.
    • Workers were responsible for creating profits for factory owners, and so deserved a share of profits.
    • Socialists demanded worker welfare to be prioritized over private property ownership.
    • Factory owners prioritized profits, neglecting worker welfare.
    • Focus on collective social interests could benefit many.
    • Socialists gained support in the 1870s, with the formation of the Second International in 1889, comprised of workers' associations demanding better living and working conditions.
    • The Socialist Democratic Party, in 1905 got support of workers' associations and received parliamentary seats.
    • The Labour party rose in Britain and the socialist party in France.
    • Socialist ideas contributed to shaping legislation within political parties.
    • Russia in 1914 was ruled by Tsar Nicholas II of the Romanov Family, an autocracy.
    • Russia was one of the largest empires.
    • Russia was dominated by orthodox Christianity, and other religions were present, including Catholicism, Protestantism, Buddhism and Islam.
    • The social structure consisted of the Tsar, nobles, factory workers, craftsmen, and cultivators.
    • The majority were agriculturists who produced grains for both local markets and global markets.
    • Most cultivators were poor, while a minority controlled farmlands.
    • Russian cultivators valued the Orthodox Church more than the nobility and often felt poor working conditions and practices by the nobility.
    • Factory workers faced long working hours in challenging factories but worked to improve conditions together to demand better working conditions.
    • Russian peasants wanted land ownership from the nobility.
    • Most factory and craftsman workers were almost equally dispersed in population.
    • Harsh industrial conditions created conflict between workers.
    • Workers fought increasingly for change and formed associations to support causes.
    • Workers were divided into groups differentiated by location, gender, and skills.
    • Socialists in 1898 organized the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party into a political structure as opposition was largely illegal in Russia by 1914.
    • Newspapers and strike actions were tools used by the opposition.
    • Socialist revolutionaries wanted land ownership to transition from nobility to peasants.
    • Lenin believed in a small disciplined party, and not a large loosely grouped party for the socialist movement in Russia
    • The February 1917 revolution started with a factory owner shutting down a factory in Petrograd, after which workers went on strike.
    • Women led the protests.
    • Strikes occurred throughout the country and protestors worked together to demand a constitution, and received support from nationalists and Jadidists.
    • The tsar subsequently suspended the Duma which caused further protest.
    • The protestors moved to the central city which created concern in the government who responded with a curfew but troops joined the protest and the Tsar and Provisional Government officials had to abdicate the throne.
    • The 1905 revolution gave way to a provisional government led by Duma leaders and Soviet leaders.
    • The early 1900s saw significant economic issues in Russia, with rising essential goods prices significantly decreasing real wages.
    • Russia incurred huge losses in World War I affecting their industries as lack of supply became critical due to Germany’s naval power.
    • In 1917, the Bolshevik party seized power and Lenin led the movement
    • Lenin implemented the concept of a "April Theses"
    • Lenin's communist party renamed the Bolshevik party as “The Communist Party”.
    • Lenin sought a socialist society, where industry and banks remained nationalized and land was distributed to peasants who worked collectively.
    • The Bolsheviks took control of industry and banks.
    • Large houses were partitioned into smaller apartments to accommodate increased housing needs.
    • Social upheaval led to the establishment of the Cheka, a secret police force in Russia, who punished those who spoke against the Party or against Lenin.
    • People protesting collectivization were met with suppression.
    • Harsh policies by Stalin under the 5-year plan resulted in critics and opponents being incarcerated.
    • Collectivization created protests in Russia.
    • Factories improved and the 5-year plan saw a growth in industrial processes, but led to poor living conditions, and many workers were imprisoned
    • Five year plans fixed prices for industrial growth, thereby improving the Russian economy.
    • The Russian Revolution influenced global events, contributing to the spread of communist political ideologies across Europe and Asia
    • The Communist Parties were formed in India, and Great Britain, along with an International Communist Organization of support parties called the 'Comintern'
    • The Russian Revolution influenced a conference of people from the East, wherein many non-Russian people took an interest in the event

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    Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key events and ideologies surrounding the Russian Revolutions, focusing on factions like the Socialist Revolutionaries and Social Democrats. Explore the demands of workers, economic conditions, and the political landscape of the time. Test your knowledge on the complex interplay of liberal and radical ideologies in early 20th-century Russia.

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