History of Relief Camps in the 1930s

A major battle in World War I, fought in 1917, where Canadian troops successfully captured Vimy Ridge from German forces, marking a significant victory for the Allies.

A series of battles during World War I, primarily fought in Belgium, where Canadian troops played a crucial role in defending against German attacks.

A significant naval campaign during World War I, where Allied forces used convoys of submarines to protect merchant ships from German U-boats.

A battle fought in 1915 where German forces used chlorine gas, a deadly weapon, against Allied troops.

Despite facing discrimination, Black Canadians contributed significantly to World War I efforts, serving in various roles, including construction and combat.

Indigenous people, though facing prejudice, demonstrated their courage and skill in World War I, serving as vital message carriers and soldiers.

Chinese and Japanese Canadians faced barriers to joining the war effort but still volunteered, motivated by a hope for equality and an opportunity to prove their loyalty.

A notable Ojibwe soldier in World War I, known for his sharpshooting skills and bravery in combat.

Canadians were encouraged to buy goods on credit, believing they could repay later. This led to increased consumer debt.

The United States was Canada's primary trading partner, purchasing raw materials like lumber, pulp and paper, wheat, and minerals.

A group of farmers formed in 1924 to gain better wheat prices.

Shares (units of ownership) of large companies were sold in the stock market, with prices fluctuating based on supply and demand.

Investors borrowed money to buy stocks, paying a small percentage upfront. They hoped to profit by selling the stock at a higher price.

When stock prices fell, investors were forced to sell their stocks to pay off their debts, further driving down prices. This cycle contributed to the crash.

On October 29, 1929, the stock market experienced a massive decline, causing widespread economic panic and marking the start of the Great Depression.

In 1922, Britain asked Canada to send troops to protect British interests in Turkey. Canada's Prime Minister, Mackenzie King, sought parliamentary approval before sending troops, demonstrating a move towards autonomy.

A form of government where the leader has complete control over the state and the people. This leader is typically a dictator, and the government uses propaganda, censorship, and a powerful military to maintain control.

An ideology based on extreme nationalism, militarism, and racial superiority. It was used by Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s.

A political system that emphasizes the interests of the nation above all else. It often involves strong national unity, military power, and a centralized government.

The policy of giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to avoid conflict. This was often used in the lead-up to World War II, as countries tried to appease Hitler and prevent war.

A 1938 agreement where Britain and France gave Hitler the Sudetenland in exchange for his promise to end his aggression against other countries. It is considered a failed attempt at appeasement.

The treaty that ended World War I. It was a harsh treaty that heavily penalized Germany, leading to resentment and instability in the country.

An international organization created after World War I to prevent future conflicts. It failed to address the growing threat of aggression from Germany in the 1930s.

The belief that all aspects of life should be controlled by the government, with a focus on racial equality and a classless society. This was advocated by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union.

Work camps established in 1931 by the Canadian government to provide employment for single, unemployed men during the Great Depression.

A protest march organized by unemployed workers in 1935, where they marched to Ottawa to demand better working conditions and a meeting with the Prime Minister.

The Relief Camps Workers Union (RCWU) was a labor union formed by workers in the relief camps during the Great Depression to advocate for better working conditions and wages.

A Canadian political party formed in 1932 that advocated for socialist policies to address the economic challenges of the Great Depression.

An economic theory promoted by William Aberhart, leader of the Social Credit Party, which proposed giving every person in Alberta a certain amount of money (initially $25) to stimulate the economy and end the Great Depression.

A document outlining the key political and economic policies of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) party, calling for government ownership, social welfare programs, and a peaceful foreign policy.

The leader of the Liberal Party during the Great Depression, who opposed providing financial aid to provinces with Conservative governments.

The leader of the Conservative Party in Canada during the Great Depression. He promised to end unemployment but faced criticism for lack of a clear action plan.

A document outlining the rules and principles that govern an organization, such as a nation.

A written set of rules that define the powers and responsibilities of the federal and provincial governments in Canada.

A system of government where power is shared between a central authority (federal government) and regional authorities (provincial and municipal governments).

The power to make laws and policies on specific areas of jurisdiction, such as defense or trade.

The power to make laws and policies on specific areas of jurisdiction, such as education or healthcare.

A document that granted Canada self-governance and independence from Britain.

A major event in which Indigenous communities across Canada protested against government policies that aimed to assimilate Indigenous people into mainstream Canadian society.

A landmark agreement reached in 1975 between the Canadian government, the Cree Nation, and other Inuit groups, granting Indigenous people land rights, self-government, and control over natural resources in exchange for allowing a hydroelectric development project.

A major aerial battle of World War II where the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) played a vital role in defending Britain against the German Luftwaffe's bombing campaign.

A pivotal battle in World War II, fought in Hong Kong between December 8th and 26th, 1941, where a small contingent of Canadian soldiers (1900 volunteers) faced a much larger Japanese force despite being poorly trained and outnumbered (1:10).

A major operation in World War II that took place on August 19th, 1942, at the French coastal town of Dieppe. It was a tragic Allied raid aimed at testing German defenses and diverting pressure from the Eastern Front. It involved significant Canadian participation and resulted in high casualties.

A crucial struggle waged during World War II, primarily in the North Atlantic. Canadian forces were heavily involved, contributing to the Allied effort through ship escorts, convoy protection, and the production of vital supplies.

A fierce urban battle in World War II, which took place in Ortona, Italy, from December 20th to 28th, 1943. Canadian troops faced determined German resistance, engaging in house-to-house fighting in the narrow streets. It was a costly victory for the Allies.

The largest amphibious invasion in history, which marked the beginning of the liberation of Western Europe in World War II. Canadian forces played a significant role, landing on Juno Beach, one of the five Normandy beaches.

An important naval campaign in World War II involving the Canadian Navy, which aimed to protect allied shipping routes from German submarine attacks. They were heavily involved in escorting convoys and protecting merchant ships.

A crucial battle that resulted in the Allies taking control of Italy after it surrendered to Germany in World War II. Canadian forces played a key role in liberating the country.