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Questions and Answers
Who is regarded as the earliest physician in ancient Egyptian medicine?
What document from ancient Egypt describes various methods of drug administration?
Which ancient civilization developed Ayurvedic medicine around 800 BC?
What was the primary focus of Hippocrates' medical practices?
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Which document is associated with Paracelsus' belief in the treatment of diseases?
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What was the significance of the Huangdi Neijing in ancient Chinese medicine?
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Who is considered the Father of Botany for studying plant effects?
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What does the Charaka Samhita reference in ancient Indian medicine?
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What significant change occurred during the Renaissance Era regarding pharmacy?
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Which era is characterized by the use of natural substances like roots and herbs for drug formulation?
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What was one consequence of industrialization in the production of medications?
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Who established the first hospital, which marked a significant point for pharmacy?
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During which era did patients experience increased therapeutic duties due to complications like allergic reactions?
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What technological development is associated with the Biotechnology Era?
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What is one of the main aims of the pharmacy orientation course?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the intended learning outcomes of the course?
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Which compound is NOT mentioned as one of the identified new drugs in the growth of science during the 17th and 18th centuries?
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What is one primary focus of research during the Biotechnology Era?
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Which era in the development of pharmacy profession is defined as lasting from 1970 to the present?
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What type of writing was developed by the Sumerians that contributed to pharmacy?
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What is a key responsibility of pharmacists in their careers?
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In which era of pharmacy development was biotechnology and genetic engineering introduced?
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Which area is mentioned as a possible field of work for pharmacists?
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Which of the following best describes the classification of drugs according to sources?
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What was the term used to refer to formulations made up of numerous plants in ancient medical practices?
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Which ancient physician compiled medical knowledge based on the works of Hippocrates and Dioscorides?
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What process did Abu al Qasim al Zahrawi pioneer in drug preparation?
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What is the significance of Al Biruni's work titled Kitab al-Saydalah?
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Who was the first physician to initiate pharmacopoeia?
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What key distinction did Al-Muwaffaq make in his writings?
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What action did the state take regarding the practice of apothecaries in the ninth century?
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What notable number of preparations did Ibn Sina describe in his works?
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Study Notes
History of Pharmacy
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Pharmacy is an ancient profession with roots in various civilizations, including Sumerians, Egyptians, Indians, Chinese, Greeks, Romans, and Arabs.
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The Sumerians documented lists of drugs and prescriptions in cuneiform writing on clay tablets.
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The Egyptians created the Ebers Papyrus (1550 BC), a document detailing prescriptions and drug administration methods, including gargles, inhalations, suppositories, ointments, and lotions.
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Imhotep, the High Priest of Heliopolis, is considered the earliest physician.
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Ayurvedic medicine developed in India around 800 BC, emphasizing the use of drugs and charms for expelling demons.
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Chinese manuscripts on silk and bamboo describe the use of drugs of animal and plant origin, outlining the basic principles of pharmaceutical drug use.
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Hippocrates, the "father of medicine", contributed to the Hippocratic Corpus, a collection of documents listing around 400 drugs of vegetable origin and describing preparation methods for gargles, ointment, and pessaries.
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Theophrastus, known as the "Father of Botany", studied the adverse effects of plants.
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Dioscorides authored De Materia Medica (AD 60-78), providing details about medicinal herbs and their side effects.
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Galen, a physician around AD 160, compiled medical knowledge of the time, drawing on the works of Hippocrates and Dioscorides. He described the use of complex plant formulations known as "galenicals."
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Arab scholars translated medical texts into Arabic, continuing the use of complex formulations and establishing apothecary shops in Baghdad in the 9th century.
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Muhamed ibn Zakarya el Razi (865-915) promoted the medical uses of chemical compounds.
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Abu al Qasim al Zahrawi (Abulcasis) (936-1013) described pharmaceutical processes for preparing drugs in various dosage forms.
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Sabur Ibn Sahl was the first physician to initiate a pharmacopoeia, outlining remedies and ailments.
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Al Biruni wrote Kitab al-Saydalah (The Book of Drugs), detailing the properties of drugs and outlining the role of pharmacy.
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Ibn Sina described over 700 preparations in The Canon of Medicine including their properties, mode of action, and indications.
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Al-Muwaffaq wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies, describing arsenious oxide, silicic acid, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and the poisonous nature of copper and lead compounds. He also described the distillation of seawater for drinking.
Eras of Pharmacy Development
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Ancient Era (Beginning of time to 1600 AD): This era saw the development of early pharmaceutical practices in various civilizations.
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Empiric Era (1600 to 1940): This era focused on testing drugs and their effects while emphasizing the use of herbs and plants.
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Industrialization Era (1940 to 1970): Mass production of medications began due to the need for drugs during wars. Scientific research into medications continued, but excessive drug use led to more adverse reactions and interactions.
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Patient Care Era (1970 to present): This era focused on patient care and the therapeutic duties of pharmacists due to the increasing complexity of healthcare.
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Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era (present to future): Gene therapy, recombinant DNA technology, and genetic modification are being studied for their potential in treating and preventing diseases.
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Description
Explore the ancient roots of pharmacy and its evolution through various civilizations such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, Indians, Chinese, Greeks, Romans, and Arabs. Learn about significant contributions like the Ebers Papyrus and Ayurvedic medicine. This quiz covers key figures and documents that shaped the pharmaceutical field.
