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Questions and Answers
What is the earliest known record of pharmacy practices attributed to?
Which process marked the beginning of humanity's relationship with medicines?
What major discovery in pharmacy was made by Sir Alexander Fleming?
How did ancient man primarily learn about the medicinal properties of substances?
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Which statement best describes the historical practice of pharmacy?
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In what significant way has the understanding of drug use changed over time?
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What role do modern pharmaceutical companies primarily focus on?
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What is one of the earliest vehicles for healing used by ancient man?
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What roles did practitioners of healing in ancient Babylon around 2600 B.C. fulfill?
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Which herb, associated with Shen Nung, is recognized in modern pharmacy?
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What is the significance of the 'Papyrus Ebers' in ancient Egyptian pharmacy?
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Which of these figures is associated with the healing arts in ancient Greek religion?
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What did ancient Egyptians refer to the head pharmacists as?
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Which goddess is known as the personification of health and cleanliness in Greek mythology?
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How did ancient Greek healers integrate snakes into their healing rituals?
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The cult of Asclepius is known for what specific practice in ancient healing?
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Study Notes
History of Pharmacy
- The desire for medicine is as old as humanity's search for tools.
- Early humans used natural resources like water, leaves, and dirt for healing.
- Medicines discovered by accident like penicillin (Sir Alexander Fleming) paved the way for pharmaceutical research and development (R&D).
- Pharmacy involves collecting, processing, and preparing drugs for medicinal use.
- The history of pharmacy dates back to the beginning of humankind.
Pharmacy in Ancient Babylonia
- Babylon is considered the cradle of civilization, providing the earliest recorded evidence of apothecary practice.
- Around 2600 B.C., Babylonian healers were priest, pharmacist, and physician all in one.
- Clay tablets detail symptoms, prescriptions, compounding instructions, and invocations to the Gods.
Pharmacy in Ancient China
- Shen Nung, a Chinese Emperor around 2000 B.C., is credited with discovering the medicinal values of hundreds of herbs.
- Shen Nung wrote the “Pen T-Sao,” a compilation of 365 drugs, and tested many herbs on himself.
- Some of the medicinal plants he discovered include podophyllum, rhubarb, ginseng, stramonium, cinnamon bark, and ma Huang (Ephedra).
Pharmacy in Ancient Egypt
- Egyptian medicine dates back to 2900 B.C.
- The “Papyrus Ebers” (1500 B.C.) is a key pharmaceutical record containing 800 prescriptions and mentions 700 drugs.
- Egyptians had specialized roles in pharmacy, with gatherers and preparers of drugs, and “chiefs of fabrication” who acted as head pharmacists.
Pharmacy in Ancient Greece
- Asclepius is the Greek god of medicine and healing.
- His daughters represent aspects of health and healing: Hygieia (health), Iaso (recovery), Aceso (healing process), Aglæa (beauty), and Panacea (universal remedy).
- Non-venomous snakes (Aesculapian Snakes) were used in healing rituals and placed in temples dedicated to Asclepius.
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Description
Explore the fascinating evolution of pharmacy from ancient times to the present. This quiz covers early human medicinal practices, the contributions of Babylonian and Chinese civilizations, and significant discoveries in pharmaceutical history. Test your knowledge on how these ancient practices laid the foundation for modern pharmacy.
