History of New France

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Questions and Answers

Which pelts were particularly popular in France for making hats?

Beaver (correct)

Otter

Deer

Fox

The seigneurial system included small pieces of land for farmers known as Habitants.

True (A)

What was the impact of the fur trade on Indigenous communities?

It altered their traditional skills, introduced new diseases, and sparked competition for resources.

French traders competed with the __________ traders.

English Signup and view all the answers

Match the following jobs of Habitants with their descriptions:

Clear the land = Prepare the area for farming Grow crops = Cultivate food for sustenance Volunteer 10 days/year = Assist with seigneur's planting and harvesting Pay crop/meat as rent = Compensate the seigneur for land use Signup and view all the answers

What did trappers receive in exchange for fur pelts?

European goods (A) Signup and view all the answers

Indigenous people were only introduced to processed food through the fur trade.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the central feature of a seigneurie?

A large central section for the seigneur's home, including a church and mills. Signup and view all the answers

New technologies from European traders made life easier, but came at the cost of traditional __________.

knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason the king sent women to the colony?

To increase the population (D) Signup and view all the answers

What significant monopoly did the Company of 100 Associates establish in 1627?

Fur trade in the St. Lawrence Valley (D) Signup and view all the answers

The Hudson's Bay Company was created in 1670 with the goals of fur trade, mineral exploration, and finding a shortcut to Asia.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who were Radisson and Groseilliers?

Two men who left the colony to start their own fur mission. Signup and view all the answers

The British owned __________ was created as a response to the fur trade in Canada.

Hudson's Bay Company Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals or groups with their roles:

Radisson = Fur trader who helped establish Hudson's Bay Company Groseilliers = Explorer who sought fur trade opportunities Jesuits = Religious figures aiming to convert Indigenous people 100 Associates = Established a fur trade monopoly in 1627 Signup and view all the answers

Which king made New France a Crown colony?

King Louis (A) Signup and view all the answers

The 'runners of the woods' were licensed fur trappers who followed the rules of the trading system.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the three goals of the Hudson's Bay Company?

Fur trade Signup and view all the answers

The process of converting Indigenous people to Christianity was led by __________.

Jesuits and Nuns Signup and view all the answers

What area did Radisson and Groseilliers explore for fur trade?

Lakes Huron and Superior (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Newcomers to New France

Fur traders, farmers, and women were among the early newcomers to New France
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) was established
The company's goal was to control trade in the fur resources and to find a route through the Arctic to Asia

Previous Explorers, Soldiers, and Religious Figures

Explorers like Cartier and Champlain (1534 and 1608) were part of early exploration
Soldiers and religious figures accompanied settlers
Religious figures' goals included spreading Christianity and converting Indigenous people

Back Story of New France

The goal to secure the land for the control of the New World for France
It was crucial to better than England or the Netherlands (in terms of acquiring territory and resources)
The goal to gain control of the resources of the New World
Control of New World resources and financial gain were motivations

The Fur Traders: Company of 100 Associates

The Company of 100 Associates (established in 1627) held a monopoly on fur trade in the St. Lawrence area
The company was replaced in 1663 by King Louis XIV, who turned New France into a Crown colony
Control of New France went from 100 Associates to the Crown colony of New France

The Trading Companies and the Hudson's Bay Company

Radisson and Groseilliers left the colony to establish their own fur trade (1659)
They made a pact with England, establishing the beginning of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670
The HBC had three goals: fur trade, mineral exploration, and discovering a route from Asia through the Arctic
The HBC still operates (with its stores like The Bay and Zeller's) today

The Coureurs du Bois

The Coureurs du Bois were unlicensed fur trappers and traders
They bypassed the middleman to connect hunters to buyers directly
They established strong connections with Indigenous communities, which increased territory for settlement in North America
They were ended in 1696 by the king

The Goods of the Fur Trade

Beaver pelts were highly desirable for making hats in France
Trappers traded furs for goods like clothing, books, sewing needles, and tools
This overhunting led to the depletion of beavers

The Consquences of Fur Trade

The fur trade had many aspects that affected Indigenous peoples such as the goal to get Europeans goods like tools, food and weapons instead of traditional skills and routines
Many new technologies came that made life easier but also caused many deaths due to over-hunting and new deadly diseases
Competition became more territorial among Indigenous groups due to resources being sought after

The Farmers and Seigneurial System

Seigneurial system was in place from 1627 to 1854
Seigneurs (men awarded land by the king) controlled large pieces of land (5km by 10km)
Seigneurs kept part of land, and farmers had to develop the rest
Farmers (Habitants) had small plots along rivers with access to water

Jobs of Habitants

Clearing land
Farming crops
Raising animals
Paying rent to seigneur
Volunteering 10 days per year to help with planting and harvesting
Maintaining the church and roads
Paying taxes to the church and government

Seigneuries

Seigneuries were set up alongside rivers for easier access
They consisted of long, narrow farmland sections
Seigneurs had large central sections which included a church and a common area

Filles du Roi

The king funded a program to bring young women to New France (16–40)
These women were orphans, widows, or others without ties to France
Women were interviewed and evaluated as "good" candidates
Women were given funding, clothing and supplies so that they could start a new life in New France
Incentives were offered to have children
The program's goal was to populate and encourage the growth of New France

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Description

Explore the early history of New France, including the roles of fur traders, explorers, and religious figures in the settlement and control of resources. Learn about the establishment of the Hudson's Bay Company and the motivations behind French expansion in the New World. This quiz delves into the intricate narratives that shaped the region's history.