Newcomers to New France (Fur Traders, Farmers, Filles du Roi) Lesson 2 PDF

Ne FRA w The Newcomers: Fur Traders, Farmers, Females  Previous EXPLORERS, Arrivals SOLDIERS, & The Puppetmaster RELIGIOUS and...

Ne FRA w The Newcomers: Fur Traders, Farmers, Females  Previous EXPLORERS, Arrivals SOLDIERS, & The Puppetmaster RELIGIOUS and money back home in FIGURES Cartier and Champlain Soldiers Jesuits and Nuns France! (1534 and 1608) Back Story GOA LS control the new continent and, in particular, be better than England or OF the Netherlands. spread Christianity, convert Indigenous people get control of resources in the New World earn money through TheFUR The Company of 100 Associates was established in 1627. It gave TRADERS: France a monopoly of the fur trade in the St. Lawrence Valley. In 1663, King Louis (arrogant “Sun King,” remember him?), stepped in and made New France a Crown colony and ended the 100 Associates. TheTRADING In 1659, two men (Radisson and Groseilliers) left the colony to go on their own fur mission to Lakes Huron and TRAITORS Superior. They found tonnes of fur and learned a way to the Atlantic through Hudson Bay (skip the St. Lawrence and its rules). When they get back to Quebec with fur, they are Obviously, Radfined andby the are Gros Governor and getting in trouble. Not surprisingly, mad about their furstoare they go taken.to see if they are interested in their fur sources way up England North. England teams up with these two and this is the beginning of the Hudson Bay Company. TheHUDSON The British-owned Hudson’s Bay Company was created in 1670. The Company has three goals: fur ’S BAY trade, mineral exploration and finding a shortcut to Asia through the Arctic. HBC is the parent company that owns stores that still operate today: The Bay and Zellers. Maybe your TheCOURE The “runners of the woods” were a group of unlicensed fur trappers and traders who decided to go around the middle men who URS DU connected hunters to traders to buyers. They hunted and worked right with the Indigenous people and took their furs straight to the trading markets in Although illegal, their actions opened up so many new areas of North Quebec. America to settlement and they established strong connections to Indigenous communities. They were ended in 1696 by the King. If caught, the punishment was hanging. TheGOO While all furs had value and were harvested too, beaver pelts were super popular for making hats in France. With so many trappers (illegal and legal), the creature was DS over-hunted. Trappers and hunters would bring pelts to trading posts. They could trade pelts for small goods like fish hooks, sewing needles, combs, buttons, or clothing. They could trade multiple furs for larger items like pistols, mirrors, thimbles, knives, hatchets, and pots. To compete with the English, French traders TheCONSE The fur trade changed so many aspects of life for the Indigenous people. the goal of earning European goods like tools, food, and weapons, took time from traditional skills and routines. New technologies may have made life easier but it came at the cost of traditional QUENC knowledge. fur traders intermarried and had children with Indigenous women and created a new culture (Metis) alcohol and processed food were introduced to Indigenous people overhunting happened more often Indigenous people were exposed to new and deadly diseases competition between Indigenous groups became more territorial based on the fur resources languages, knowledge, and beliefs shared back and forth TheFARMER The seigneurial system was in place from 1627 to 1854. Seigneurs were men who earned the S: king’s favour. As a reward, they were given large pieces of land (5km by 10km) in New France to start a seigneurie. The Seigneurs kept a large, central part for themselves but had to get farmers to set up the rest. TheFARMER S: TheFARMER The farmers were called Habitants. Each family had a small sliver of the seigneurie with access to water. S: Jobs of Habitants: clear the land grow crops, raise animals pay crops/meat as rent to seigneur volunteer 10 days/year to run the seigneurs planting and harvesting volunteer to build roads and maintain the church on the seigneurie pay church and government taxes esSEIGNE set beside a river for water access, transportation, and fishing long and narrow farms URIES seigneur had a large central section for their home a church, mills, and social areas were included in a common section esFILLES The King knew his colony needed women to grow. He set up a program to sponsor young women (16 - 40) who were orphans, widows, or had no attachment to France. They were interviewed and had recommendations from leaders like priests to make sure they were “good” people. DU ROI The King paid for the trip across the ocean and gave each girl money, clothing, and supplies to get started. Most of the women lived together in New France and learned homesteading skills before choosing a husband. Unlike in France, they actually got a say. In France, their families would have told them who to marry. After getting married, the couples were offered incentives to have children. If they had 10 living children, they received a yearly bonus. 800 Filles du Roi esFILLES Artists seem to make the filles du roi look more romantic than it was but some of the art is fascinating to look at. DU ROI esFILLES DU ROI