History of Navigation and Colonization

Copyright Disclaimer

• No part of the material may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form (including photocopying, recording, electronic or mechanical methods), without prior written permission from the owner.
• Exceptions include personal academic use and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law.

Navigation and Colonization

• This is a historical topic.
• Historical accounts of navigation and colonization are presented, with images of maps and historical events.
• The visuals include historical maps and illustrations of various historical events.

A. World's Events (Page 3)

• This is a chronological list of important events.
• Events cover a significant period, spanning from early civilizations to the 1800s.
• There's mention of civilizations, barbarian invasions, exploration, wars, and territorial conquests, among other events.
• The visuals include a map illustrating these major events.

A. World's Events (Page 4)

• The main focus is on European trade with the Middle East, specifically focusing on the period between the 8th and 15th centuries.
• European trade monopolies are held by Venetian and neighboring maritime republics, emphasizing the value of commodities such as spices, incense, herbs, and other products from the Middle East and Asia.
• These goods were important for medicine and the Middle Ages economy.
• The rise of the Ottoman Empire led to the disruption of these trade routes, affecting combined land-sea routes.

A. World's Events (Page 6)

• Two powerful European countries (Spain and Portugal) engaged in exploration and competition during this period.
• The fall of Constantinople led to trade route closures and a critical demand for spices.
• The Italian market prioritized valuable resources like slaves, silk, gold, and silver.

A. World's Events (Page 7)

• Spices played a critical role in global history.
• Their strong preservative properties made them valuable for embalming.
• Their fragrance was considered important, with mystical associations.
• They also had medicinal and culinary uses.

Portugal (Page 8)

• Portugal pioneered maritime trade routes in Asia.
• Key navigators, like Prince Henry the Navigator, started navigation schools in 1419.
• Bartolomeu Dias discovered the Cape of Good Hope.
• Vasco da Gama sailed to India via the Cape of Good Hope, establishing trading centers in different regions, including Indonesia.

Portugal (Page 9)

• This page showcases a map of the Cape of Good Hope.

Spain (Page 10)

• Spain explored routes in the west, primarily during the era of exploration.
• Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas.
• Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean.

Papal Bull (Page 11)

• The Papal Bull was an attempt to settle the rivalry between Spain and Portugal over newly discovered territories.
• Alexander VI created an imaginary line west of the Azores to divide the land between the two nations.
• Spain's land claims are east and Portugal's are west.
• The treaty of Tordesillas was created as a result of this papal bull.

Papal Bull (Page 12)

• The Papal Bull, issued by Alexander VI, aimed to resolve the territorial disputes between Spain and Portugal.
• A geographical line was established, dividing newly discovered lands between Spain (West) and Portugal (East), creating the Treaty of Tordesillas.

Treaty of Tordesillas (Page 13)

• Signed in 1494, this treaty divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.
• It established a line of demarcation 100 degrees west of the Cape Verde Islands and the Azores.
• This treaty effectively limited trade between the two nations, reserving exclusive rights to trade in lands belonging to each country.

B. Ferdinand Magellan (Page 14)

• Ferdinand Magellan, a noble and intelligent Portuguese sailor, served King Manuel I of Portugal.
• Disappointment with Portugal led him to serve King Charles V of Spain.
• His expedition sought new routes to Asia, passing through the Americas.

First Voyage Around the World (Page 15)

• This page shows a graphic representation of Magellan's first voyage around the world.

Magellan in the Philippines (Page 17)

• This page displays a map of the Philippine Islands with Magellan's route shown.

Trivia (Page 18)

• Magellan's slave, Enrique, was born in either Cebu or Malacca and circumnavigated the world.

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (Page 19)

• Miguel Lopez de Legazpi was appointed the Captain General of the 6 ships and 350 men with 6 priests by King Philip II in 1564.
• He explored and conquered areas in the East.
• Legazpi founded the city of Cebu

Legazpi and Sikatuna (Page 20)

• Illustrates the meeting and agreement between Legazpi and Sikatuna (a tribal chieftain).

Legazpi Conquers Cebu (Page 21)

• Legazpi, with the help of Sikatuna and others, conquered Cebu in 1565.
• The chieftain Tupas opposed the peace offer.
• Tupas' challenge led to conflict and the establishment of a settlement.

Conquest of Manila (Page 22)

• The Spanish forces led by Legazpi, with reinforcements, arrived in Cebu and Panay in 1566.
• Initial resistance by Manila's leaders delayed the conquest.
• Legazpi eventually conquered Manila in 1571, bringing it under Spanish control, followed by agreements with local leaders (Laya, Lakandula, Soliman)

Conquest of Manila (Page 24)

• Legazpi established a city council in Manila (Intramuros), based on a Royal decree made in 1572.
• A decree was made concerning the organization of a city council, with the involvement of 3 chieftains.
• Legazpi's explorations and conquests led to the establishment of a colonial government.
• Legazpi died in 1572 and his remains were buried in San Agustin Church.

Explore the significant events in navigation and colonization throughout history from ancient civilizations to the 1800s. This quiz includes chronological accounts and visuals of key historical events, maps, and illustrations that shaped the world. Test your knowledge on the exploration, wars, and territorial conquests that defined earlier societies.