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Questions and Answers
What change was introduced in the DSM-III version that began in 1980?
What change was introduced in the DSM-III version that began in 1980?
Which of the following criticisms is commonly associated with the DSM?
Which of the following criticisms is commonly associated with the DSM?
What is the purpose of Axis V in the DSM multiaxial system?
What is the purpose of Axis V in the DSM multiaxial system?
How has the number of diagnosable disorders in the DSM changed since its first publication?
How has the number of diagnosable disorders in the DSM changed since its first publication?
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What concept is highlighted by the biopsychosocial model in the context of mental health disorders?
What concept is highlighted by the biopsychosocial model in the context of mental health disorders?
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What did the mental hygiene movement primarily focus on?
What did the mental hygiene movement primarily focus on?
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Who founded the mental hygiene movement?
Who founded the mental hygiene movement?
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Which treatment approach did Freud and Breuer use to treat hysteria?
Which treatment approach did Freud and Breuer use to treat hysteria?
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What theory did Charcot attribute to hysterical symptoms?
What theory did Charcot attribute to hysterical symptoms?
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In the etiological battle over hysteria, what did the Nancy School believe?
In the etiological battle over hysteria, what did the Nancy School believe?
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What was a significant outcome of the development of psychoanalysis in the early 20th century?
What was a significant outcome of the development of psychoanalysis in the early 20th century?
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What does the term 'psychogenic' refer to in the context of mental illness?
What does the term 'psychogenic' refer to in the context of mental illness?
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What is the significance of the biopsychosocial model in understanding mental illness?
What is the significance of the biopsychosocial model in understanding mental illness?
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What was the significant contribution of Emil Kräpelin to the field of mental illness diagnosis?
What was the significant contribution of Emil Kräpelin to the field of mental illness diagnosis?
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Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches for mental illness?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches for mental illness?
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The biopsychosocial model explains human behavior through which of the following aspects?
The biopsychosocial model explains human behavior through which of the following aspects?
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What was a common treatment for mental illness in American state institutions until the 1970s?
What was a common treatment for mental illness in American state institutions until the 1970s?
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Which of the following theories is emphasized as coexisting within the psychological discipline?
Which of the following theories is emphasized as coexisting within the psychological discipline?
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What belief underlies the treatment of mental illness as a chemical imbalance in the brain?
What belief underlies the treatment of mental illness as a chemical imbalance in the brain?
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Which approach has been found to have negligible differences in efficacy for treating mental illness?
Which approach has been found to have negligible differences in efficacy for treating mental illness?
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What role do socio-political or economic factors play in the development of psychological disorders?
What role do socio-political or economic factors play in the development of psychological disorders?
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Study Notes
History of Mental Illness
- Mental illness definitions vary across cultures and time periods.
- Abnormal behaviors are judged based on societal norms of a particular time and culture.
- Three main theories explain mental illness etiology: supernatural, somatogenic, and psychogenic.
- Supernatural theories attribute illness to demonic possession, divine displeasure, or other supernatural events.
- Somatogenic theories link illness to physical factors like imbalances of bodily fluids, illness, genetics, or brain damage.
- Psychogenic theories explain illness as stemming from traumatic experiences, learned associations, or distorted perceptions.
Historical Treatments
- Trephination (drilling holes in skulls) was a prehistoric treatment for head injuries and believed to release evil spirits.
- Ancient Greeks linked mental illness to imbalances in bodily humors (blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm).
- Hippocrates attempted to separate superstition from medicine, classifying mental illnesses as epilepsy, mania, melancholia, and brain fever.
- Galen (Greek physician) also considered psychological stress as a potential cause of mental illness.
- Middle Ages saw the return of supernatural explanations, notably blaming the devil for mental illness.
- Witch hunts targeted women accused of witchcraft and possession.
- By the 1700s, a more humanitarian view of mental illness began; this included the creation of asylums and moral treatment.
- Philippe Pinel and Vincenzo Chiarughi reformed mental institutions by adopting humane treatment, focusing on the well-being of individuals.
- William Tuke established the York Retreat which focused on patient care and dignity.
- Dix (Dorothea) advocated for the establishment of state mental hospitals in the United States.
- 20th century marked the rise of the mental hygiene movement and psychodynamic approaches to treatment.
- Mesmerism (hypnosis) and somatogenic explanations were challenged by psychogenic factors.
Modern Diagnosis and Treatments
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was developed to establish a standard diagnostic classification system.
- The DSM-5 combined previous axes into a single system focusing on clinical diagnosis and dysfunction. This system now attempts to reduce stigma and improve diagnoses.
- The evolution of mental illness treatment reflects changing cultural perspectives and scientific understanding which are incorporated in modern approaches; this helps clinicians collaborate effectively regarding treatments.
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Description
Explore the historical perspectives on mental illness and its treatments through various cultural lenses. This quiz covers definitions, causation theories, and ancient practices related to mental health. Test your knowledge on how societies have viewed and managed mental disorders over time.
