History of Mental Health Beliefs

Questions and Answers

What was the method used by physicians to induce recovery in patients with general paresis who contracted malaria?

Surgical intervention

Administering herbal remedies

Injecting blood from an ill soldier (correct)

Acupuncture therapy

What does the concept of 'yin' refer to in traditional Chinese medicine?

Flow of warm energy

Restoring physical health

Dark wind or cold wind (correct)

Life-sustaining wind

What was one of John P. Grey's contributions to the treatment of mentally ill patients?

Development of surgical techniques

Emphasis on environmental factors

Focus on mental therapy

Promoting physical treatment for mental illness (correct)

Which discovery significantly impacted the understanding of syphilis in the 19th century?

The identification of its bacterial cause Signup and view all the answers

Which invention did John P. Grey create to improve hospital conditions?

Rotary fan for ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What does intellectualization involve when confronted with unacceptable impulses or behaviors?

Analyzing the situation without emotional involvement Signup and view all the answers

What concept in Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory is related to self-esteem?

Identification Signup and view all the answers

What defines the Oedipus complex in psychoanalytic theory?

A boy’s lustful feelings towards his mother Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with classical conditioning in behavioral psychology?

A neutral stimulus signaling an unconditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes a girl's desire to replace her mother and possess her father?

Electra complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the psychological defense mechanism that involves attributing one's unacceptable feelings to another individual?

Projection Signup and view all the answers

Which defense mechanism refers to substituting unacceptable thoughts with their opposites?

Reaction Formation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sublimation' refer to in psychological terms?

Replacing unacceptable feelings with socially acceptable actions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is associated with Carl Jung's theories?

Collective Unconscious Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as 'the tendency to be shy and withdrawn' in personality psychology?

Introversion Signup and view all the answers

Which defense mechanism involves concealing true motivations for actions through incorrect explanations?

Rationalization Signup and view all the answers

In psychodynamic theory, what is the modern approach that studies how children incorporate images and memories of important people?

Object Relations Signup and view all the answers

What psychological defense mechanism involves pushing anxiety-evoking thoughts into the unconscious?

Repression Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion did Joseph von Meduna's followers reach regarding brain seizures?

They concluded that brain seizures might cure schizophrenia. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Italian physicians that suggested using electric shock for treatment?

Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini Signup and view all the answers

What was Emil Kraepelin known for in relation to psychological disorders?

Creating a comprehensive classification system for psychological disorders Signup and view all the answers

What significant advancement in treatment occurred in 1950?

The development of effective drugs for severe psychotic disorders Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason some nurses documented clinical success in treating mental patients?

They were prevented from treating others to manage family expectations. Signup and view all the answers

What significant procedure did a London surgeon perform in 1938 on a patient with depression?

Sent small electric shocks directly through the brain Signup and view all the answers

What are the two forms of psychosis mentioned in relation to Emil Kraepelin's work?

Manic depression and dementia praecox Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of psychosocial treatment practices?

Focusing on social and interpersonal factors Signup and view all the answers

What was commonly believed to be the cause of all physical and mental disorders during the medieval period?

The work of the devil Signup and view all the answers

According to Nicholas Oresme, what factors were considered important in explaining human behavior and its dysfunctions?

Spirits, demons, grace, and sin Signup and view all the answers

In the last quarter of the 14th century, what approach did people increasingly adopt to address their problems?

Magic and sorcery Signup and view all the answers

What was one misconception associated with the AIDS epidemic in the late 1980s and early 1990s?

It was a result of divine punishment for immoral behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What were people subjected to if exorcism failed during the Middle Ages?

Confinement and torture Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the 'Founder of Medicine' during the Golden Age in Greece?

Hippocrates Signup and view all the answers

What did Hippocrates believe to be the seat of wisdom, consciousness, intelligence, and emotion?

The brain Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific figure's views contributed to the biological understanding of mental disorders?

Hippocrates and Galen Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Supernatural Tradition and Mental Disorders

Medieval villagers believed all physical and mental disorders resulted from the devil's work.
Neighbors took turns caring for affected individuals through a tradition of moving from house to house.
Nicholas Oresme proposed that human dysfunction involves spirits, demons, grace, and sin.

Treatments and Historical Beliefs

In the late 14th century, magic and sorcery were sought as solutions to personal issues.
Some communities associated the AIDS epidemic with divine punishment due to perceived immoral behavior.
If exorcism was unsuccessful, individuals faced confinement, beatings, or torture during the Middle Ages.

Biological Tradition in Mental Health

Hippocrates, known as the "Founder of Medicine," classified the brain as the seat of wisdom, consciousness, and emotion.
John P. Grey championed the biological perspective, asserting that mental illness had physical causes and should be treated as such.
Conditions in hospitals improved under Grey’s influence, making them more humane.

Syphilis and Psychotic Disorders

Advanced syphilis affects the brain and could lead to severe psychological issues.
Historical observations noted rare cases of schizophrenia in individuals with epilepsy.

Biological Treatments and Innovations

Joseph von Meduna explored the potential of induced brain seizures to treat schizophrenia.
Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini pioneered the use of electric shock directly on the brain for therapeutic benefits.

Psychotropic Drugs

The 1950s marked the development of first effective drugs for severe psychotic disorders.

Defense Mechanisms in Psychodynamic Theory

Projection involves attributing unacceptable feelings onto others.
Rationalization conceals true motivations with self-serving explanations.
Reaction formation involves expressing the opposite of unacceptable impulses.

Notable Figures in Psychotherapy

Carl Jung introduced the concept of the collective unconscious, sharing wisdom across generations.
Alfred Adler focused on the inferiority complex, connecting it to the striving for superiority.
Erik Erikson developed a psychosocial theory outlining conflicts across eight developmental stages.

Behavioral Psychology

Behaviorism, championed by John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner, examined learning and adaptation's role in psychopathology.
Classical conditioning links neutral stimuli with unconditioned stimuli to elicit responses.

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Description

Explore the evolution of beliefs regarding supernatural traditions and their influence on mental disorders throughout history. This quiz examines key figures such as Nicholas Oresme and Hippocrates, as well as societal attitudes towards treatments during the Middle Ages and beyond.