46 Questions
What is the study of Exercise Physiology primarily concerned with?
Understanding the body's responses to exercise and training
According to the text, why should one study Exercise Physiology?
To understand how physiological functioning should change based on types of exercise
What is the ancient origin of Exercise Physiology, based on the text?
Early civilizations of Greece and Asia Minor
What does Exercise Physiology aim to maximize, as mentioned in the text?
Physical potential
According to the text, what is the significance of understanding the benefits of physical activity?
Encourages people to become lifelong exercisers
What is the etymological meaning of 'Physiology'?
Study of nature/origin
What does Exercise Physiology explain, as per the text?
Body’s responses to exercise/training
What is the primary energy system responsible for high-intensity, short-duration activities?
Phosphocreatine (PCr)
Which energy system has the highest duration of energy production?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of PCr and ADP to creatine and ATP?
Creatine kinase
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Which type of exercise primarily affects the anaerobic system?
Short high-intensity workout
What happens to NAD+ during glycolysis?
It is converted to NADH
What is the primary function of the creatine-phosphate shuttle?
To facilitate movement of PCr and Cr between cell compartments
Which enzyme is responsible for the bidirectional conversion of pyruvate and lactate?
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
In which type of muscle fiber are LDH1-2 isozymes more predominant?
Slow twitch (type I)
What stimulates the enzymes that break down glycogen and increases glycolysis, leading to lactate production?
Muscle contraction (Ca$^{2+}$)
In which type of muscle fiber is LDH1-5 mostly found?
Fast twitch (type II)
What is the primary mechanism for lactate removal?
Oxidation (~70%)
Which system is utilized in the absence of oxygen during heavy exercise?
Anaerobic system
What type of muscle fiber produces more lactate?
Fast twitch (type II)
Which enzyme activity is stimulated by epinephrine, leading to increased lactic acid production?
Glycolysis
What is the equilibrium enzyme responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and vice versa?
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Who is known as the 'father' of modern medicine?
Hippocrates
Which ancient Greek physician considered obesity a disease linked to a sedentary lifestyle?
Sushruta
Who is known for the 'Karvonen formula' to predict optimal exercise training heart rate?
Martti Karvonen
Which figure made key anatomical and physiological discoveries during the Renaissance period?
William Harvey
Who emphasized the 'laws of health' including proper diet, exercise, and emotional control?
Galen
Which Scandinavian researcher pioneered studies on gas exchange in the lungs and blood flow redistribution during exercise?
A.V. Hill
What did Claude Bernard discover?
The liver's internal secretion of glucose
What is the formula for calculating VO2 using the Fick equation?
$Q \times a-vO2diff$
What is the normal resting VO2 for a person with a body mass of 70kg?
245 mL
What is the output of CO2 when VCO2 expired is 50 L/min and VCO2 inspired is 0.003?
1.86 L/min
What is the conversion factor from 1L O2/min to kcals?
5 kcals
What is the conversion factor from 1 kg·m/min to kcal/min?
0.00234 kcal/min
What is the formula for converting kg·m/min to watts?
$(kg·m/min)/6.12$
What is the relationship between kJ and kcal?
$kJ = kcal \times 4.18$
What is the unit for measuring watts?
Joules/second
What is the equation for cardiac output (Q)?
Q = SV * HR
What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
MAP = ⅓ SBP + ⅔ DBP
What is the equation for resistance?
Resistance = pressure / flow
What is the equation for ejection fraction?
Ejection Fraction = (SV / EDV) * 100
What is the equation for alveolar ventilation (VA)?
VA = (VT - VD) * frequency
What is the equation for net efficiency?
Net efficiency = (WR * 0.00234 kcalmin) / (VO2 * 5 kcal)
What is the equation for critical power?
Critical power = VO2 * 5 * time
What is the equation for a-vO2diff (arterial venous oxygen difference)?
a-vO2diff = arterial - venous
Study Notes
History of Medicine and Exercise Physiology: Key Figures and Concepts
- Ancient Greek physician Sushruta in 5th century BC considered obesity a disease and linked it to a sedentary lifestyle
- Herodicus in 5th century BC emphasized the importance of proper diet in physical training
- Hippocrates, known as the "father" of modern medicine, made significant contributions to medical knowledge
- Galen, a prominent physician in AD 131-201, emphasized the "laws of health" including proper diet, exercise, and emotional control
- Renaissance figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti, Vesalius, and William Harvey made key anatomical and physiological discoveries
- Claude Bernard, a renowned psychologist, discovered the liver's internal secretion of glucose
- A.V. Hill and other Scandinavian researchers pioneered studies on gas exchange in the lungs and blood flow redistribution during exercise
- Martti Karvonen is known for the "Karvonen formula" to predict optimal exercise training heart rate
- Exercise physiology concepts include homeostasis, stress, and the distinction between exercise and training
- The body's response to exercise intensity, as well as the impact of exercise on mortality rate and daily sitting, were discussed
- The concept of stress-adaptation and the potential negative effects of overtraining on the body were highlighted
- The energy continuum, specifically the breakdown of ATP and its significance in bodily function, was explained
Test your knowledge of key figures and concepts in the history of medicine and exercise physiology with this quiz. Explore the contributions of ancient physicians like Hippocrates and Galen, as well as Renaissance figures and modern researchers. Delve into topics such as homeostasis, stress, exercise intensity, and the impact of exercise on the body.
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