ATPase Enzymes

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Questions and Answers

Which term describes the study of the body's responses to exercise/training to maximize physical potential?

  • Physiology (correct)
  • Physical activity
  • Metabolism
  • Health and performance

What does the term 'Physiology' mean?

  • Capacity to move (exercise)
  • Generation and consumption of metabolic energy
  • Nature/origin
  • Study of the body's responses to exercise (correct)

What is one of the reasons to study Exercise Physiology?

  • To understand how physiological functioning should change based on the types of exercise
  • To promote physical activity
  • To maximize health and performance
  • All of the above (correct)

Who is considered the 'Father of Modern Medicine'?

<p>Hippocrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient Greek figure advocated the importance of proper diet in physical training?

<p>Herodicus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who considered obesity a disease and posited that a sedentary lifestyle contributed to it?

<p>Sushruta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Greek physician emphasized systematic observation, ethical principles, and the impact of lifestyle on health?

<p>Hippocrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals accurately described the heart as a muscle 'pump' and identified the arterial pulse corresponding to ventricular contraction?

<p>Leonardo da Vinci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is typically acclaimed as the greatest physiologist of all time and made various important discoveries related to physiology?

<p>Claude Bernard (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who received the Nobel Prize for their description of the adaptation of blood perfusion in muscles and other organs according to demands through opening and closing arterioles and capillaries?

<p>August Krogh (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is best known for developing a method to predict optimal exercise training heart rate, known as the 'Karvonen formula'?

<p>Martti Karvonen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of exercise according to Galen?

<p>Any movement that alters respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intensity level corresponds to an exercise intensity of 75% of maximum?

<p>Very Heavy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of ATP stored in muscles?

<p>3-8 mmol/kg muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is the largest and hardest to move through the cell?

<p>ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule(s) are smaller and easier to move back and forth through the cell?

<p>PCr and Cr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to PCr levels during exercise?

<p>PCr levels decrease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ATP levels during exercise?

<p>ATP levels stay the same (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Adenylate kinase?

<p>To help maintain ATP levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of glycolysis?

<p>Pyruvate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Lactic Acid in ATP generation?

<p>Lactic acid helps generate ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of fatigue during high-intensity exercise?

<p>Insufficient ATP levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle fiber type is predominantly associated with LDH1-2 isoforms?

<p>Slow twitch (type I) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system has the highest capacity and longest duration?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (OP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system has the lowest inertia and can produce ATP quickly?

<p>PCr (phosphocreatine) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system is responsible for fatigue during high-intensity exercise?

<p>Glycolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system has the highest rate/power of ATP production in a given amount of time?

<p>PCr (phosphocreatine) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system is not easily fatigued during exercise?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (OP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system has the shortest duration and lowest capacity?

<p>PCr (phosphocreatine) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system has the highest capacity and longest duration?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (OP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system has the highest capacity and duration?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (OP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system has the lowest inertia?

<p>PCr (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system is predominantly used during short high-intensity workouts?

<p>Glycolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system is predominantly used during long duration with lower intensity workouts?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (OP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the creatine-phosphate shuttle?

<p>To make PCr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the cytosolic isoform of creatine kinase primarily break down PCr?

<p>In the cytosol of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system accounts for 99% of energy production throughout your life?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (OP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Exercise Physiology

The study of the body's responses to exercise/training to maximize physical potential.

Physiology

The study of the body's responses to exercise.

Why study Exercise Physiology?

To understand how exercise affects the body, improve physical performance, design effective training programs, and promote overall health.

Hippocrates

He emphasized systematic observation, ethical principles, and lifestyle's impact on health.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Herodicus

He advocated the importance of proper diet in physical training.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sushruta

He considered obesity a disease and linked it to a sedentary lifestyle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leonardo da Vinci

He accurately described the heart as a muscle 'pump' and identified the arterial pulse corresponding to ventricular contraction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Claude Bernard

Considered the greatest physiologist of all time, made various important discoveries related to physiology.

Signup and view all the flashcards

August Krogh

He received the Nobel Prize for describing how our body adapts blood flow to different organs based on their demands.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Martti Karvonen

He developed a method to predict optimal exercise training heart rate, known as the 'Karvonen formula'.

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Exercise (Galen's Definition)

Any movement that alters respiration (breathing).

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Very Heavy Intensity

75% of maximum effort

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

An energy-carrying molecule that powers muscle contractions.

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Maximum ATP stored in muscles

3-8 mmol/kg muscle

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PCr (Phosphocreatine)

A molecule that helps quickly generate ATP for short bursts of exercise.

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Cr (Creatine)

A molecule that is involved in the process of making ATP.

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PCr levels during exercise

PCr levels decrease during exercise.

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ATP levels during exercise

ATP levels stay the same during exercise.

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Adenylate Kinase

An enzyme that helps maintain ATP levels by converting ADP back to ATP.

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Pyruvate

The end product of glycolysis, a process that breaks down glucose.

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Lactic Acid & ATP

Lactic acid can be converted back into glucose, contributing to ATP generation.

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Fatigue during high-intensity exercise

Insufficient ATP levels.

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Slow Twitch Muscle Fiber (Type I)

Primarily associated with LDH1-2 isoforms.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation (OP)

The energy system that uses oxygen to produce ATP. It has the highest capacity and longest duration.

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PCr (phosphocreatine)

The energy system that uses PCr to make ATP. It has the lowest inertia and can produce ATP quickly.

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Glycolysis

The energy system that uses glucose without oxygen to make ATP. It is responsible for fatigue during high-intensity exercise.

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PCr (phosphocreatine)

The fastest way to produce ATP.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation (OP)

The energy system that is not easily fatigued during exercise.

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PCr (phosphocreatine)

The energy system that uses PCr to rapidly produce ATP. It has the shortest duration and lowest capacity.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation (OP)

The energy system that uses oxygen to produce ATP. It has the highest capacity and longest duration.

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PCr

The energy system that uses PCr to rapidly produce ATP. It has the lowest inertia.

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Glycolysis

This energy system is predominantly used during short, high-intensity workouts.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation (OP)

This energy system is predominantly used during long duration with lower intensity workouts.

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Creatine-Phosphate Shuttle

It helps make PCr, which is used for quick bursts of energy.

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Cytosolic Isoform of Creatine Kinase

It primarily breaks down PCr in the cytosol of the cell.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation (OP)

This system accounts for most of the energy we use throughout our lives.

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