29 Questions
What are the modifiable causative risk factors associated with Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) according to the text?
Tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol
What is the main focus of epidemiology as described in the text?
Studying the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations
Which of the following is NOT a non-communicable disease mentioned in the text?
Malaria
What is the primary cause of premature mortality in adults according to the WHO Global Burden of Disease (2011)?
Non-communicable diseases
What is the natural history of Chronic Diseases as illustrated in the text example of Cardiovascular Disease?
Atheroma develops from the first decade
Which element is NOT part of the Epidemiologic Triangle as mentioned in the text?
Time
What is the primary focus of health promotion according to the text?
Preventing diseases at the community level
In the UAE, what is the average age of admission with Myocardial Infarction for Native Emirati individuals?
61.6 ± 13.3
What percentage of male South Asian migrants in the UAE had hypertension according to the text?
97%
Why do noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant challenge for development in the 21st century, according to the text?
Millions die prematurely from NCDs between ages 30 and 70
What type of conditions are considered under noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) according to the text?
Conditions like diabetes, heart diseases, and cancer
What is the main purpose of an upstream approach in public health discussed in the text?
To address root causes of health issues at a population level
What factors affect disease progression in the context of the infectious disease process?
Genetic profile, Previous diseases, Water, Air pollution
Which type of agent is likely to cause illness and what defines its severity?
Biologic - Severity of illness
What are the characteristics associated with the category of Physical agents?
Noise, Repetitive motion, Violence
Which factors are considered under Host Characteristics that impact disease severity?
Severity of illness, Age, Sex
What are the roles of Reservoirs in the infectious disease process?
Where the agents live
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Biologic Agents?
Tobacco, air pollutants
What is required for herd immunity to work effectively?
Restricting the disease agent to a single host species
Which stage of disease prevention involves preventing the disease before it occurs?
Primary prevention
What is the primary focus of secondary prevention in disease management?
Detecting disease early to halt its progression
Why does the prevalence of Tuberculosis decline between 1860 and 1960 as mentioned in the text?
Improved sanitation and hygiene practices
What is the significance of herd immunity in controlling the spread of infectious diseases?
It reduces the probability of reaching susceptible individuals as immunity increases
Who hypothesized that infectious diseases are caused by small 'minute bodies' entering the human body?
Ibn Khatima
According to the miasmatic theory of disease, what was believed to be the cause of diseases like cholera or the Black Death?
Miasma (bad air)
What was the key observation made by Dr. John Snow during the cholera outbreak in London in the mid-1850s?
Fewer cholera cases were reported in areas served by the Lambeth Company
Which individual conducted an experimental epidemiologic study on the etiology and treatment of scurvy?
J.Lind
What is the vector responsible for spreading the Zika virus?
Daytime-active mosquito Aedes Aegyti
In epidemiology, what are determinants (risk factors) mostly associated with?
Chronic diseases
Test your knowledge on the history of infectious diseases theories, including the miasmatic theory and early hypotheses on the causes of diseases like the Black Death. Explore key figures like Ibn Khatima and Dr. John Snow in the context of disease outbreaks.
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