History of Infectious Diseases Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the modifiable causative risk factors associated with Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) according to the text?

  • Infectious diseases and lack of vaccination
  • Natural disasters and climate change
  • Tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol (correct)
  • Genetic factors and pollution exposure
  • What is the main focus of epidemiology as described in the text?

  • Studying the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations (correct)
  • Treatment of diseases in individuals
  • Inventing new medications for chronic diseases
  • Improving healthcare facilities worldwide
  • Which of the following is NOT a non-communicable disease mentioned in the text?

  • Heart disease
  • Diabetes
  • Cancer
  • Malaria (correct)
  • What is the primary cause of premature mortality in adults according to the WHO Global Burden of Disease (2011)?

    <p>Non-communicable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural history of Chronic Diseases as illustrated in the text example of Cardiovascular Disease?

    <p>Atheroma develops from the first decade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT part of the Epidemiologic Triangle as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of health promotion according to the text?

    <p>Preventing diseases at the community level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the UAE, what is the average age of admission with Myocardial Infarction for Native Emirati individuals?

    <p>61.6 ± 13.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of male South Asian migrants in the UAE had hypertension according to the text?

    <p>97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant challenge for development in the 21st century, according to the text?

    <p>Millions die prematurely from NCDs between ages 30 and 70</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conditions are considered under noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) according to the text?

    <p>Conditions like diabetes, heart diseases, and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an upstream approach in public health discussed in the text?

    <p>To address root causes of health issues at a population level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors affect disease progression in the context of the infectious disease process?

    <p>Genetic profile, Previous diseases, Water, Air pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agent is likely to cause illness and what defines its severity?

    <p>Biologic - Severity of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics associated with the category of Physical agents?

    <p>Noise, Repetitive motion, Violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors are considered under Host Characteristics that impact disease severity?

    <p>Severity of illness, Age, Sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the roles of Reservoirs in the infectious disease process?

    <p>Where the agents live</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Biologic Agents?

    <p>Tobacco, air pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for herd immunity to work effectively?

    <p>Restricting the disease agent to a single host species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of disease prevention involves preventing the disease before it occurs?

    <p>Primary prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of secondary prevention in disease management?

    <p>Detecting disease early to halt its progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the prevalence of Tuberculosis decline between 1860 and 1960 as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Improved sanitation and hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of herd immunity in controlling the spread of infectious diseases?

    <p>It reduces the probability of reaching susceptible individuals as immunity increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who hypothesized that infectious diseases are caused by small 'minute bodies' entering the human body?

    <p>Ibn Khatima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the miasmatic theory of disease, what was believed to be the cause of diseases like cholera or the Black Death?

    <p>Miasma (bad air)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key observation made by Dr. John Snow during the cholera outbreak in London in the mid-1850s?

    <p>Fewer cholera cases were reported in areas served by the Lambeth Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual conducted an experimental epidemiologic study on the etiology and treatment of scurvy?

    <p>J.Lind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vector responsible for spreading the Zika virus?

    <p>Daytime-active mosquito Aedes Aegyti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In epidemiology, what are determinants (risk factors) mostly associated with?

    <p>Chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

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