History of Genetics BIOL320

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Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Surrounded by a nuclear envelope

Contains organelles such as mitochondria

Presence of a nucleus containing chromatin

DNA organized in a nucleoid region in the cytoplasm (correct)

What is the primary function of rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

Protein translation (correct)

Energy production

Synthesis of lipids

Storage of genetic material

In prokaryotic cells, what surrounds the plasma membrane and is composed of polysaccharides and glycoproteins?

Golgi apparatus

Endoplasmic reticulum

Capsule (correct)

Nuclear envelope

Which cellular process is characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the small circular DNA found in prokaryotic cells, distinct from the genomic DNA?

Plasmid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of centrioles in eukaryotic cells during cell division?

Spindle fiber assembly Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotic cells, where is the genetic material (chromatin) located?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of cell division in prokaryotic cells?

'Asexual reproduction similar to mitosis' Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Presence of organelles such as mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Where are free ribosomes typically found in eukaryotic cells?

Floating freely in the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

During which process are the sex cells, gametes or spores, produced with half the genetic material of the parent cell?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the diffuse state of chromosomes within the nucleus when the cells are not dividing?

Chromatin Signup and view all the answers

Which German anatomist named the process of the formation of paired threads 'mitosis'?

Walther Flemming Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the distinctively shaped and sized chromosome structures that are formed when DNA starts to become organized and packed?

Condensed chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromosome number in a diploid organism like humans?

46 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells make up all cells in the body except for the reproductive cells?

Somatic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe chromosomes that are similar but not identical?

Homologous chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a fertilized egg with diploid genetic material?

Zygote Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the male and female reproductive cells in humans and other animals?

Germ cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which the DNA duplicates and becomes organized into condensed chromosome structures?

Chromosomal condensation Signup and view all the answers