History of Genetics BIOL320
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

  • Surrounded by a nuclear envelope
  • Contains organelles such as mitochondria
  • Presence of a nucleus containing chromatin
  • DNA organized in a nucleoid region in the cytoplasm (correct)
  • What is the primary function of rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

  • Protein translation (correct)
  • Energy production
  • Synthesis of lipids
  • Storage of genetic material
  • In prokaryotic cells, what surrounds the plasma membrane and is composed of polysaccharides and glycoproteins?

  • Golgi apparatus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Capsule (correct)
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Which cellular process is characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the small circular DNA found in prokaryotic cells, distinct from the genomic DNA?

    <p>Plasmid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of centrioles in eukaryotic cells during cell division?

    <p>Spindle fiber assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, where is the genetic material (chromatin) located?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of cell division in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>'Asexual reproduction similar to mitosis'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of organelles such as mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are free ribosomes typically found in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Floating freely in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which process are the sex cells, gametes or spores, produced with half the genetic material of the parent cell?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the diffuse state of chromosomes within the nucleus when the cells are not dividing?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which German anatomist named the process of the formation of paired threads 'mitosis'?

    <p>Walther Flemming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distinctively shaped and sized chromosome structures that are formed when DNA starts to become organized and packed?

    <p>Condensed chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chromosome number in a diploid organism like humans?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells make up all cells in the body except for the reproductive cells?

    <p>Somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe chromosomes that are similar but not identical?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fertilized egg with diploid genetic material?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the male and female reproductive cells in humans and other animals?

    <p>Germ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process by which the DNA duplicates and becomes organized into condensed chromosome structures?

    <p>Chromosomal condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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