DNA Replication and Transformation History Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Why did early scientists think protein was the cell's hereditary material?

  • DNA was not well understood at the time
  • Proteins were more complex than DNA (correct)
  • Proteins had more diverse functions
  • DNA was a simpler molecule

What did Griffith discover in his experiment with Pneumococcus bacteria?

  • The R strain bacteria became virulent after taking in DNA from the heat-killed S strain (correct)
  • The S strain bacteria became non-virulent after mixing with the R strain
  • The transformed bacteria did not inherit the ability to cause disease
  • The R strain bacteria could not cause disease in the transformed bacteria

What type of virus did Hershey and Chase use in their experiments to determine the genetic material?

  • T2 virus (correct)
  • T1 virus
  • T3 virus
  • Bacteriophage virus

What was the goal of Hershey and Chase's experiment with the T2 virus?

<p>To determine if DNA or protein is the genetic material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key finding of Hershey and Chase's experiment that supported DNA as the genetic material?

<p>The virus particles contained only DNA and no protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Griffith's experiment with Pneumococcus bacteria?

<p>It showed that DNA can be transformed between bacterial strains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

<p>Couple tRNA anticodons with mRNA codons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate composition of ribosomes?

<p>40% rRNA and 60% proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the translation process?

<p>Initiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the elongation stage of translation?

<p>Peptide bonds are formed between the amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of protein synthesis?

<p>A sequence of amino acids bonded by peptide bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of initiation factors in the translation process?

<p>They bring in the large ribosomal subunit to complete the initiation complex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of DNA elongation in human cells?

<p>50 nucleotides per second (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strand of DNA is synthesized discontinuously?

<p>Lagging strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme joins the Okazaki fragments together?

<p>DNA ligase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the error rate for DNA after proofreading?

<p>1 in 1 billion base pairing errors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the semiconservative model of replication, what does the new DNA consist of?

<p>One parental and one new strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is responsible for repairing damaged DNA in cells?

<p>Excision repair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Chargaff's rule regarding the pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

<p>Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction photographs in the discovery of DNA structure?

<p>They provided evidence that DNA was a double helix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is correct?

<p>The sides of the double helix are made of deoxyribose sugars and phosphodiester bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of DNA that gives it a right-hand twist in most cases?

<p>The presence of 10 base pairs in a complete turn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines in DNA?

<p>Purines have a double ring structure, while pyrimidines have a single ring structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the antiparallel nature of the two DNA strands?

<p>It allows for the easy separation of the two strands during replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many essential amino acids are there?

<p>12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

<p>To carry genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

<p>To transfer amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of transcription?

<p>The copying of genetic information from DNA to mRNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enzyme RNA polymerase in transcription?

<p>To copy the genetic information from DNA to mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

<p>To serve as the site where mRNA is decoded and proteins are assembled (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the structure of DNA and RNA?

<p>DNA has a sugar deoxyribose, while RNA has a sugar ribose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the start codon AUG in mRNA?

<p>To code for the amino acid methionine and initiate translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of introns in the process of mRNA processing?

<p>To be removed from the mRNA transcript before it leaves the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the anticodon in transfer RNA (tRNA)?

<p>To bind to the complementary codon on mRNA and deliver the correct amino acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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