History of Evolution: Philosophical Theories
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Questions and Answers

What concept did James Hutton contribute to geology?

  • Chronometric Dating
  • Relative Dating
  • Catastrophism
  • Uniformitarianism (correct)

    • Which scientist mentored Darwin and taught him geology?

  • Charles Lyell (correct)
  • Linnaeus
  • James Hutton
  • Georges Cuvier

    • What concept did Charles Darwin develop that involves the idea of organisms passing on genetic material?

  • Natural Selection (correct)
  • Taxonomic system
  • Catastrophism
  • Epigenetics

    • What dating method uses the absorption of Fluorine, Uranium, and Nitrogen in bones?

    <p>FUN Dating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who collected animal fossils for museums but lost his collection in a shipwreck?

    <p>Alfred Russel Wallace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed that everything is in change and motion, giving the appearance of a solid?

    <p>Titus Lucretius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of human life on earth used in Radio Carbon 14 dating?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dating method involves volcanic ash and has a range from 200 thousand years ago to the present?

    <p>Potassium Argon Dating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher proposed the concept of Natural Theology and Intelligent Design based on the design of biological organisms?

    <p>William Paley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept explains that small forces over a long time lead to geological changes?

    <p>Uniformitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advocated for an economic system where good will do good and bad will do bad without any need for rules?

    <p>Adam Smith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who believed in a cyclical pattern of human populations' standard of living based on the time they are born?

    <p>Thomas Malthus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher noticed uniform characteristics in animals and proposed Uniformitarianism?

    <p>Comte de Buffon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'If you want a good economic system, you should have no rules.' This statement contradicts the philosophies of which other thinker?

    <p>William Paley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who believed that geographic events from the past still impact current landforms?

    <p>Comte de Buffon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to determine the age of fossils based on volcanic reactions?

    <p>Thermos Luminescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for dating materials that cannot be heated, such as shells and teeth?

    <p>Electronic Spin Resence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the study of seeds and stems from ancient times?

    <p>Paleobotany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological trait is defined as 'Obligated Bipedality' in hominids?

    <p>Walking upright on two legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered the Taung Baby, an Austroalepithecus africanus fossil?

    <p>Raymond Dart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Piltdown Man fraud?

    <p>Showed a big brain with modern dentition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory is based on mitochondrial DNA and proposes that all modern humans are related to African groups from 140/130 thousand years ago?

    <p>Out of Africa model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Paranthropus Robustus' is associated with which of the following physical characteristics?

    <p>'Large molars' and 'robust cheekbones'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trait was observed in silver foxes as a result of domestication?

    <p>Smaller bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Richard Wrangham, what distinguishes proactive aggression from reactive aggression?

    <p>Reactive aggression involves planning ahead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group had smaller social groups with at most 15 adults and undeveloped language?

    <p>Neanderthals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trait is a characteristic of Homo sapiens sapiens adaptation to culture?

    <p>High and round skulls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Forum Magnum in the human skull?

    <p>Located at the bottom middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is NOT listed as a main trait of a hominin?

    <p>Large canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant cranial capacity of Australopithecus africanus?

    <p>$500 cc$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Post cranial' refers to which part of the body?

    <p>Below the waist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes the skull of Homo sapiens from that of Australopithecus afarensis?

    <p>Parabolic-shaped mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hominid exhibited a sectorial pre-molar and diastema in their dental structure?

    <p>Australopithecus africanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant feature is observed in the mandible of Homo sapiens that is absent in Paranthropus robustus?

    <p>Lack of a chin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hominid had a skull with no occipital torus and large cranial capacity?

    <p>Homo habilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the pelvis of Australopithecus africanus from Homo erectus?

    <p>Bowl-shaped pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hominid has longer arms than legs?

    <p>Australopithecus afarensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of jaw shape, which hominid had a U-shaped mandible?

    <p>Australopithecus africanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of the foot of Homo erectus compared to Australopithecus afarensis?

    <p>Post-orbital expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dating method involves using heat and light to date pottery and flints?

    <p>Thermoluminescence dating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to determine the age of fossils based on the space between fossils rather than the fossils themselves?

    <p>Relative dating through volcanic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dating method is used on materials that cannot be heated, such as shells and teeth?

    <p>Electronic Spin Resonance dating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What study focuses on investigating the natural processes that occur to bones after death?

    <p>Taphonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hominid fossil was originally believed to have a big brain but was later disproven as a fraud?

    <p>Austroalepithecus africanus (Taung Baby)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishing feature did the fraud Piltdown Man exhibit that led to its initial acceptance?

    <p>Small brain and modern dentition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biologically, what sets primates apart from early hominids like Australopithecus?

    <p>Increased cranial capacities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the theory of Uniformitarianism after noticing the uniform characteristics of animals, such as having four legs and two eyes?

    <p>Comte de Buffon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed in Intelligent Design and argued that design is what gives meaning to biological organisms?

    <p>William Paley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thinker contradicted the idea of having rules for a good economic system, stating that good will do good and bad will do bad, controlled by an 'invisible hand'?

    <p>Adam Smith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who determined the creation of the world to be in 4004 BC based on father-to-son communication in the Old Testament?

    <p>James Usser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed in a cyclical pattern of human populations' standard of living, with educational and social reforms suggested to balance out the highs and lows?

    <p>Thomas Malthus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Everything is in change and motion,' according to which philosopher who believed motion gives the appearance of solidity?

    <p>'Titus Lucretius'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Good will do good, bad will do bad and disappear,' was a concept attributed to which thinker who opposed the need for rules in an economic system?

    <p>'Adam Smith'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'He kicked a stone, and it means nothing, unorganized. But a watch has a design and that gives it meaning,' was an argument made by which philosopher known for Intelligent Design?

    <p>'William Paley'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Alfred Russel Wallace contribute to, which gave Darwin motivation to write 'The Origin of Species'?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Charles Darwin, what concept explains the mechanism by which species evolve over time?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist advocated for Catastrophism, suggesting that species disappear due to ecological catastrophes?

    <p>Georges Cuvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dating method involves comparing different soil layers to determine the relative age of artifacts?

    <p>Relative Dating based on stratigraphy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher proposed the idea that small forces acting over long periods of time result in geological changes?

    <p>James Hutton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Charles Lyell's book 'Principles of Geology' contribute to the field of geology?

    <p>'Uniformitarianism' principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Pangenesous' and 'Genmal' are concepts associated with which scientist's work?

    <p>Charles Darwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Stratigraphy' is primarily used in which type of dating method?

    <p>'Relative Dating'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the skull of Homo sapiens from that of Paranthropus robustus?

    <p>Large cranial capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hominid has a well-developed chin and legs longer than arms?

    <p>Homo erectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical trait is observed in the mandible of Paranthropus robustus but is not present in Homo sapiens?

    <p>No chin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hominid exhibited a sectorial pre-molar and diastema in their dental structure?

    <p>Australopithecus africanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical feature distinguishes the pelvis of Homo erectus from that of Australopithecus africanus?

    <p>Flared pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trait characterizes Homo sapiens sapiens' adaptation to culture?

    <p>Thick enamel molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the concept of 'Multi-regional continuity' during human evolution?

    <p>Chris Stringer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Savant Paabe originate in the field of paleogenetics?

    <p>DNA sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key criteria used by Dimitri Balyayev in his research with silver foxes?

    <p>Aggressiveness towards humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic did Richard Wrangham associate with Neanderthals?

    <p>Proactive aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What region of the skull do Neanderthals have a keen vision in?

    <p>Occipital base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is a result of domestication in animals according to the text?

    <p>Smaller teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of Homo sapiens sapiens brain development as described in the text?

    <p>Frontal portion of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hominid has adaptation to culture and environment as a key trait?

    <p><strong>Homo sapiens sapiens</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

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