History of Energy Use

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary energy source that enabled early humans to cook food and heat living areas?

  • Burning coal
  • Wood (correct)
  • Natural gas
  • Oil

During which historical period did the formation of large coal deposits occur?

  • Carboniferous period (correct)
  • Cretaceous period
  • Jurassic period
  • Mesozoic era

What was the initial fate of natural gas produced in oil wells?

  • Exported for profit
  • Stored for future use
  • Used for lighting
  • Burned as a waste product (correct)

What led to increased levels of air pollution in cities prior to the Industrial Revolution?

<p>Widespread use of coal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of humans using up readily available wood sources in dense populations?

<p>Development of alternative fuel sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitated the congregation of people around factories and cities during the Industrial Revolution?

<p>Need for larger labor pools in expanding factories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes coal bulky and causes transport problems?

<p>The large volume of coal compared to its energy content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of oil over coal in terms of environmental impact?

<p>Oil releases less carbon dioxide when burned (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for concern regarding the safety of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) loading facilities?

<p>The public's concern about the safety of these facilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion in terms of the underlying nuclear process?

<p>Nuclear fission involves the splitting of heavy nuclei, while nuclear fusion involves the combining of light nuclei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the public's concern about nuclear power?

<p>The risk of nuclear accidents and the potential for radioactive contamination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of natural gas over other fossil fuels in terms of environmental impact?

<p>Natural gas releases less carbon dioxide when burned (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the development of new transportation methods for natural gas?

<p>The desire to reduce the amount of natural gas that is burned off at oil fields (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the public's concern about the safety of nuclear power plants?

<p>The risk of nuclear accidents and the potential for radioactive contamination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of oil over coal in terms of transportation?

<p>Oil is more easily transported through pipelines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the development of nuclear power as an energy source?

<p>The potential for nuclear power to provide a reliable and baseload electricity supply (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a significant role in determining energy use according to the text?

<p>Political stability in oil-producing countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary conventional fossil fuels accounting for nearly 85% of world energy consumption?

<p>Oil, natural gas, and coal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization consists of 14 countries controlling about 71% of the world's estimated oil reserves?

<p>Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of total world energy consumption accounted for by conventional fossil fuels?

<p>85% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector uses the most energy in industrialized nations according to the text?

<p>Residential / commercial uses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the increased demand for oil products according to the text?

<p>Growth of the automobile industry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which countries have per capita energy use for transportation highest according to the text?

<p>Highly developed countries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor in determining a country's energy use for transportation according to the text?

<p>Specific combination of bus, rail, waterways, and private automobiles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nonrenewable energy sources as defined in the text?

<p>Coal, oil, and natural gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate global percentage of energy provided by renewable sources other than hydroelectricity and firewood according to the text?

<p>12% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for replacing spent fuel rods in a nuclear power plant?

<p>To reduce the amount of radioactive material on-site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation is known to cause mutations in biological molecules?

<p>Gamma rays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the quality factor used for in calculating dose equivalent?

<p>To account for the varying biological effects of different types of radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did operators at Chernobyl do that exacerbated the nuclear accident?

<p>Violated several important safety rules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of placing a containment structure over the damaged reactor at Chernobyl?

<p>It contained all released radiation within the structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Fukushima nuclear power plant sustain damage during the 2011 incident?

<p>As a result of an earthquake and subsequent tsunami (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate cause of releasing radiation into the atmosphere and sea water at Fukushima?

<p>Failure of backup generators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are new fuel rods introduced after about three years of operation in nuclear power plants?

<p>To replace spent rods with sufficient radioactive material to sustain a chain reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Fukushima incident result in high levels of radioactivity exposure for some employees?

<p>Due to a breach in reactor containment leading to direct exposure to radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a technology capable of converting biomass into energy?

<p>Hydroelectric power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary environmental concern associated with the use of biomass for energy production?

<p>Habitat and biodiversity loss due to deforestation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hydroelectric power is NOT true?

<p>Hydroelectric power plants do not produce any greenhouse gas emissions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way in which solar energy is utilized?

<p>Geothermal energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of solar energy compared to other energy sources?

<p>It is a renewable energy source with minimal environmental impact. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an environmental issue associated with wind energy?

<p>Noise pollution from wind turbines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines whether a crop is suitable for energy use?

<p>Both of the above factors are equally important. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about biofuels production from biomass?

<p>Fermentation converts plant sugars to ethanol, which is an energy source. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue associated with using crops for energy production?

<p>It reduces the amount of land available for food production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern regarding nuclear power plants after the 9/11 terrorist attacks?

<p>The possibility of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) or dirty bomb being detonated near the plant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of entombing a decommissioned nuclear power plant?

<p>It is the least expensive decommissioning option (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential source of biomass energy?

<p>Geothermal energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of using crop residues and animal wastes as biomass fuel?

<p>It contributes to soil erosion and depletion of organic matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about renewable energy sources is NOT true?

<p>Renewable energy sources are expected to provide the majority of the world's energy needs by 2030 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using municipal solid waste as a source of biomass energy?

<p>It reduces the need for landfill space and the associated costs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential negative impact of using fuelwood as a primary energy source?

<p>Wood smoke is a significant air pollutant that can have adverse health effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using energy plantations as a source of biomass?

<p>The crops can be grown specifically for the purpose of energy production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a potential source of hydroelectric power?

<p>Geothermal energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants?

<p>The limited life expectancy of the plants, typically 30-40 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decreased bird deaths when one blade of a wind turbine is painted black?

<p>The black blade makes the turbine more prominent and easier for birds to see and avoid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary source of energy used to generate electricity from geothermal power?

<p>The heat from the Earth's molten magma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation for producing practical amounts of power from tidal energy?

<p>The small number of locations with a suitable difference between high and low tides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do government incentives and policies typically encourage energy conservation in the United States?

<p>By offering economic rewards and penalties to influence consumer and industry choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary environmental issue associated with the use of geothermal power?

<p>The toxic minerals in the steam that can harm fish and other aquatic life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor that has been shaped by the availability of relatively low-cost energy?

<p>The cultural and lifestyle choices that have led to larger homes, more outdoor lighting, and larger lawns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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