electromagnetic energy - history, wave, wavelength, frequency

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Questions and Answers

What did Planck find by restricting the vibrational energies to discrete values for each frequency?

  • An expression for blackbody radiation with intensity being constant
  • An expression for blackbody radiation with intensity increasing linearly with temperature
  • An expression for blackbody radiation with intensity decreasing for long wavelengths
  • An expression for blackbody radiation with intensity decreasing rapidly for short wavelengths (correct)

Why was Planck disturbed about assuming that vibrating atoms required quantized energies?

  • It made his calculations more complex
  • He couldn't explain why the atoms needed quantized energies
  • It contradicted classical physics, which allowed continuous energy values (correct)
  • It was difficult to measure quantized energies

What is the value of Planck's constant?

  • 1.67 × 10^-27 kg
  • 3.00 × 10^8 m/s
  • 9.81 m/s^2
  • 6.626 × 10^-34 joule seconds (correct)

What did Albert Einstein propose in 1905 regarding the photoelectric effect?

<p>Light should be viewed as a stream of particles called photons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why didn't the kinetic energy of ejected electrons in the photoelectric effect depend on the brightness of the light?

<p>Because the binding energy was not affected by light brightness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the vibrating atoms previously allowed to have in terms of energy values?

<p>Any energy values obtained from a continuous set of energies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Planck's treatment differ from earlier treatments in terms of vibrational energies?

<p>By restricting vibrational energies to discrete values for each frequency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Planck restrict vibrational energies to discrete values for each frequency?

<p>To derive an expression for blackbody radiation with correct intensity behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one part of the observations regarding the photoelectric effect?

<p>The number of ejected electrons increased with increasing brightness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Einstein incorporate into his resolution of the photoelectric effect paradox?

<p>Planck's quantization findings into the particle view of light. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the source of the emitted electromagnetic radiation according to the earlier treatments?

<p>Vibrating atoms with increasing frequencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Planck disturbed about assuming that vibrating atoms required quantized energies?

<p>He couldn't explain why the energies were quantized (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Planck's constant help explain about energy quantization?

<p>Why it had not been observed in macroscopic phenomena (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Albert Einstein resolve the paradox of the photoelectric effect?

<p>By incorporating Planck's quantization findings into the particle view of light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of electrons being ejected when hit by photons with sufficient energy in the photoelectric effect?

<p>Ejection dependence on intensity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the kinetic energy of ejected electrons depend on the brightness of light in the photoelectric effect?

<p>It did not depend on brightness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to classical wave theory, what factor determines a wave's energy?

<p>Amplitude which depends on frequency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'According to classical physics', what kind of energy values were allowed for vibrating atoms in earlier treatments?

<p>Continuous set of energies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of particles did Albert Einstein propose light should be viewed as in resolving the photoelectric effect paradox?

<p>Photons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was used as the constant representing quantized energies by Planck in his treatment?

<p>Planck's constant (h) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the premise of the earlier work that Planck extended in his theoretical treatment of blackbody radiation?

<p>Atoms composing the oven vibrated at increasing frequencies as the temperature increased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Planck disturbed about the need to assume that vibrating atoms required quantized energies?

<p>He was unable to explain why the vibrating atoms required quantized energies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Albert Einstein resolve the paradox of the photoelectric effect using Planck's quantization findings?

<p>He incorporated Planck's quantization findings into the particle view of light, treating light as a stream of particles (photons) whose energy depended on frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of incorporating Planck's quantization findings into the resolution of the photoelectric effect paradox?

<p>Light striking the metal surface was viewed as a stream of particles (photons) instead of a wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Planck's constant in explaining energy quantization?

<p>The small value of Planck's constant (6.626 × 10−34 J s) explained why energy quantization had not been observed in macroscopic phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Planck's constant = A constant representing quantized energies in Planck's treatment Blackbody radiation = The phenomenon where the intensity drops rapidly for short wavelengths in the UV region Photoelectric effect = The phenomenon where electrons are ejected from a metal surface when light above a threshold frequency is shone on it Photon = Particles proposed by Albert Einstein whose energy depends on their frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the correct explanations:

<p>Vibrating atoms requiring quantized energies = Planck's disturbing assumption needed to resolve the blackbody radiation paradox Kinetic energy of ejected electrons in the photoelectric effect = Dependent on the frequency of the incident light, not its brightness Classical wave theory = Suggests a wave's energy depends on its intensity (amplitude), not its frequency Einstein's resolution of the photoelectric effect paradox = Incorporated Planck's quantization findings by viewing light as a stream of particles (photons)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equations with their correct meanings:

<p>E = nhν, n=1,2,3,... = Expression derived by Planck for blackbody radiation where energy is quantized for each frequency E = hν = Formula introduced by Planck and later used by Einstein to explain the photoelectric effect in terms of photon energies E = hcλ = Alternative form of Planck's formula involving wavelength instead of frequency c = νλ = Equation relating speed of light, frequency, and wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their contributions:

<p>Planck = Introduced quantized energies for vibrating atoms to resolve blackbody radiation paradox Albert Einstein = Incorporated Planck's quantization findings into explaining the photoelectric effect using photons Classical physicists = Allowed atoms to have any energy values from a continuous set in earlier treatments Photoelectric effect experimenters = Observed that kinetic energy of ejected electrons depended on incident light frequency, not brightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phenomena with their corresponding paradoxes:

<p>Blackbody radiation = Paradox resolved by introducing quantized energies for vibrating atoms in Planck's treatment Photoelectric effect = Paradox resolved by viewing light as photons with energy dependent on frequency according to Planck's formula Energy quantization = Not observed in macroscopic phenomena due to the very small value of Planck's constant Wave-particle duality of light = Conceptual paradox resolved by Einstein viewing light as both waves and particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

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