History of Dictionaries

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Questions and Answers

Who invented the word 'dictionary'?

  • John of Garland (correct)
  • Robert Cawdrey
  • Thomas Blount
  • Samuel Johnson

What was the first purely English alphabetical dictionary?

  • Glossographia
  • The New World of English Words
  • Elementarie
  • A Table Alphabeticall (correct)

In what year was Samuel Johnson's dictionary published?

  • 1582
  • 1656
  • 1755 (correct)
  • 1604

What was a major contribution of Johnson's dictionary?

<p>It featured textual references for most words. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who published 'Glossographia'?

<p>Thomas Blount (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dictionaries was a copy of another work?

<p>The New World of English Words (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What financial compensation did Johnson receive for creating his dictionary?

<p>1,500 guineas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant need led to the creation of a standardized dictionary in the 18th century?

<p>Rising literacy rates and printed materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many words did Richard Mulcaster's 'Elementarie' contain?

<p>8,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year was the Elementarie published?

<p>1582 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did it take Samuel Johnson to complete his dictionary?

<p>Seven years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the innovations introduced by Samuel Johnson in his dictionary?

<p>Multiple definitions for words (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dictionary project did Noah Webster start in 1807?

<p>An American Dictionary of the English Language (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant number of words did Webster's dictionary published in 1828 contain?

<p>70,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which translation was the first complete English Bible translation?

<p>John Wycliffe's Bible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the King James Version published?

<p>1611 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did Oxford University Press begin publishing the Oxford English Dictionary?

<p>1884 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which work was Noah Webster known for?

<p>A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Bible translation was produced between 1557 and 1560?

<p>Geneva Bible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who translated the Bible from original Greek and Hebrew sources?

<p>William Tyndale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable feature of Samuel Johnson's dictionary?

<p>It featured literary quotations from esteemed authors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dictionary was published first in the United States?

<p>A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for the first complete English Bible translation in 1382?

<p>John Wycliffe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many entries did Samuel Johnson's dictionary contain?

<p>42,773 entries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main characteristic of the Oxford English Dictionary when it began publication?

<p>It was created collaboratively by numerous scholars. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dictionary is often associated with the mobile application Merriam-Webster?

<p>Webster's Dictionary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which translation of the Bible followed closely after the first major English Bible translation?

<p>Coverdale Bible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the complete Oxford English Dictionary get published?

<p>1928 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which project did Noah Webster begin in 1807?

<p>American Dictionary of the English Language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one feature of the King James Version of the Bible when it was published?

<p>It was published in 1611. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized Richard Mulcaster's 'Elementarie' in 1582?

<p>It was a non-alphabetical list of words. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dictionary was created by Robert Cawdrey in 1604?

<p>A Table Alphabeticall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant milestone did Samuel Johnson achieve in 1755?

<p>He established the standard for spelling and usage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main contribution of Thomas Blount's 'Glossographia' published in 1656?

<p>It contained over 10,000 words. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the publication of Oxford Dictionary in e-book form?

<p>It made dictionary access more accessible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Samuel Johnson receive financial support for his dictionary project?

<p>With sponsorship from private booksellers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between Edward Phillips' work and Thomas Blount's 'Glossographia'?

<p>Phillips published a copy of Blount's work. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key reason for the rising need for a standardized dictionary in the 18th century?

<p>The growth of printed materials and literacy rates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of 'A Table Alphabeticall' when it was published?

<p>It featured an alphabetical arrangement of words. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'dictionary' signify in its historical context as invented by John of Garland?

<p>A systematic alphabetical arrangement of words. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

First English alphabetical dictionary

Robert Cawdrey's "A Table Alphabeticall" (1604) was the first English dictionary organized alphabetically.

Samuel Johnson's Dictionary

Published in 1755, it was a hugely influential English dictionary, the first truly reliable one to use textual references and establish English spelling and definition standards.

Oxford English Dictionary (OED)

A very large and comprehensive dictionary of the English Language, famous for its in-depth etymological information and extensive historical context of words. It is often considered the definitive English language reference.

Richard Mulcaster

English writer and educator who produced "Elementarie" (1582), a non-alphabetical list of English words (8,000).

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Thomas Blount

English writer who produced Glossographia (1656), a significant dictionary with over 10,000 words and etymologies.

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Edward Phillips

English writer who published "The New World of English Words" in 1658. This was a copy of Blount's work.

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Dictionary Development Timeline

English dictionaries progressed from non-alphabetical lists to comprehensive, alphabetized references containing etymologies and textual explanations.

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Dictionary's Importance

Dictionaries are essential for accurate spelling, proper definitions and to understand the usage of words in a language.

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"A Table Alphabeticall" (1604)

A pioneering attempt at defining English words and arranging them alphabetically.

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Commissioned for Samuel Johnson's Dictionary

Robert Dodsley and Thomas Longman paid Samuel Johnson a substantial sum (1,500 guineas) to create the English dictionary.

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Oxford English Dictionary

A comprehensive dictionary of the English language, published in 12 volumes in total between 1884 and 1928.

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Noah Webster's Dictionary

The first major American English dictionary, published in 1828, containing 70,000 words and including 12,000 new ones.

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Earliest English Bible translation

Venerable Bede's translation of John's gospel in 735 CE, marking the begining point.

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John Wycliffe's Bible

The first complete English translation of the Bible, completed in 1382, translated from the Latin Vulgate.

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William Tyndale's Bible

A pivotal English Bible translation from the original Greek and Hebrew texts.

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Coverdale Bible

English Bible translation published in 1535.

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King James Version

An influential English translation of the Bible, published in 1611.

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Chronological Approach to Bible Translations

Studying Bible translations according to their release dates.

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Historical Context of Bible Translations

Understanding the factors that influenced the creation of each English Bible translation, including religious, political, and linguistic developments during their time of creation.

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First English Bible Translation

Venerable Bede's translation of John's Gospel in 735 CE, the beginning point.

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Chronological Order of Bible Translations

Arranging English Bible translations in the order they were released.

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Studying English Bibles

Examining the history of English Bible translations, encompassing religious, political, and linguistic development.

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English Dictionary's Origin

The word "dictionary" was coined by John of Garland in 1220, though the first significant collection of English words, "Elementarie," was created by Richard Mulcaster in 1582 and wasn't alphabetically organized.

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First Alphabetical Dictionary

Robert Cawdrey's "A Table Alphabeticall" (1604) was the first English dictionary to be organized alphabetically, making it much easier to find words.

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Thomas Blount's Contribution

Thomas Blount published "Glossographia" in 1656, a more advanced dictionary with over 10,000 words and their etymologies (origins).

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Samuel Johnson's Milestone

Samuel Johnson's "A Dictionary of the English Language" (1755) was revolutionary, the first truly reliable English dictionary with textual references, standardizing English spelling and definitions.

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Commissioned for Johnson's Dictionary

Robert Dodsley and Thomas Longman, London booksellers, commissioned Samuel Johnson to create his groundbreaking dictionary, paying him a substantial sum.

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Why Did Johnson's Dictionary Matter?

Before Johnson, there was no single, reliable standard for English spelling, defining words, and proper usage. This dictionary addressed a growing need.

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Impact of 'A Table Alphabeticall'

Robert Cawdrey's dictionary, "A Table Alphabeticall", revolutionized word finding by introducing alphabetical organization, making English dictionaries more user-friendly.

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Word Etymology

The origin or history of a word, often explored in dictionaries like "Glossographia".

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Study Notes

Dictionary History

  • Earliest use of "dictionary" by John of Garland in 1220.
  • Richard Mulcaster's "Elementarie" (1582) – non-alphabetical list of 8,000 words.
  • Robert Cawdrey's "A Table Alphabeticall" (1604) - first purely English alphabetical dictionary.
  • Thomas Blount’s "Glossographia" (1656) – sophisticated work with etymologies (over 10,000 words).
  • Edward Phillips' "The New World of English Words" (1658) – a copy of Blount's work.
  • Samuel Johnson's "A Dictionary of the English Language" (1755) – first reliable dictionary; used for over 150 years. Commissioned by Robert Dodsley and Thomas Longman for 1,500 guineas (£310,000 today or ~3 crore Rupees).
  • Johnson's dictionary took 7 years to complete.
  • Included 42,773 entries, 114,000 quotations from respected authors.
  • Incorporated multiple definitions, etymologies (sometimes inaccurate), and witty definitions.
  • Oxford English Dictionary publication began in 1884 (12 volumes published in 1928).
  • Noah Webster's "A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language" (1806) – first American dictionary.
  • Webster's "An American Dictionary of the English Language" (1828) – 70,000 words, including 12,000 never before included.
  • G&C Merriam Webster Co. acquired Websters dictionary in 1843.
  • Merriam-Webster acquired by Encyclopedia Britannica in 1964.

English Bible Translations

  • Venerable Bede's translation of John's Gospel (735 CE).
  • John Wycliffe's Bible (1382) – first complete English Bible translation (from Latin Vulgate).
  • William Tyndale – pivotal translator from original Greek and Hebrew.
  • Coverdale Bible (1535)
  • Matthew's Bible (1537)
  • The Great Bible (1539)
  • Geneva Bible (1557-1560)
  • Bishop's Bible (1568)
  • King James Version (1611).
  • Historical context of each translation important for exam questions.
  • Chronological ordering of Bibles essential, as are details of Wycliffe, Tyndale, etc.

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