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Questions and Answers
The Hixon Symposium took place in 1948 and marked the beginning of cognitive psychology's emergence.
The Hixon Symposium took place in 1948 and marked the beginning of cognitive psychology's emergence.
True (A)
Karl Lashley was a mathematician who primarily focused on the relationship between behavior and machines.
Karl Lashley was a mathematician who primarily focused on the relationship between behavior and machines.
False (B)
Complex sequential behavior, such as playing a piece on the piano, can be executed by one response sending a proprioceptive signal back to the brain.
Complex sequential behavior, such as playing a piece on the piano, can be executed by one response sending a proprioceptive signal back to the brain.
False (B)
Warren McCulloch contributed to the field of neurophysiology and was involved in the development of cybernetics.
Warren McCulloch contributed to the field of neurophysiology and was involved in the development of cybernetics.
The central program that controls behavior is organized hierarchically.
The central program that controls behavior is organized hierarchically.
John von Neumann contributed to the foundations of computing and was known for his work in game theory.
John von Neumann contributed to the foundations of computing and was known for his work in game theory.
Pitts and McCulloch proposed that 'nervous nets' can recognize visual inputs despite changes in size or orientation.
Pitts and McCulloch proposed that 'nervous nets' can recognize visual inputs despite changes in size or orientation.
The Dartmouth Workshop in 1956 was initiated by John McCarthy.
The Dartmouth Workshop in 1956 was initiated by John McCarthy.
The Hixon Symposium featured discussions solely focused on behavioral theories.
The Hixon Symposium featured discussions solely focused on behavioral theories.
A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity was co-authored by Karl Lashley and John von Neumann.
A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity was co-authored by Karl Lashley and John von Neumann.
The Dartmouth Workshop was attended primarily by artists and musicians.
The Dartmouth Workshop was attended primarily by artists and musicians.
The cognitive revolution led to a strong emphasis on behavioral theories and their relevance in psychology.
The cognitive revolution led to a strong emphasis on behavioral theories and their relevance in psychology.
Ray Solomonoff was one of the attendees at the Dartmouth Summer Research Project in Artificial Intelligence.
Ray Solomonoff was one of the attendees at the Dartmouth Summer Research Project in Artificial Intelligence.
Behavioral responses can be triggered by a network of formal neurons without a central controlling program.
Behavioral responses can be triggered by a network of formal neurons without a central controlling program.
The tensions between nativist and associationist perspectives are a theme discussed within cognitive psychology.
The tensions between nativist and associationist perspectives are a theme discussed within cognitive psychology.
The content suggests that there was enough time for neural signals to travel up to the brain and back down to trigger the next response.
The content suggests that there was enough time for neural signals to travel up to the brain and back down to trigger the next response.
By the age of five, children have a limited capacity to understand and produce sentences they have never heard before.
By the age of five, children have a limited capacity to understand and produce sentences they have never heard before.
Chomsky argued that language learning requires extensive reinforcement.
Chomsky argued that language learning requires extensive reinforcement.
According to Chomsky, behaviorism provides a complete account of how language is learned.
According to Chomsky, behaviorism provides a complete account of how language is learned.
Chomsky proposed that there are both innate syntactic structures and learned grammatical principles.
Chomsky proposed that there are both innate syntactic structures and learned grammatical principles.
Computational recursion is a feature included in Chomsky's recent descriptions of grammar.
Computational recursion is a feature included in Chomsky's recent descriptions of grammar.
Connectionism aims to explain intellectual abilities using artificial intelligence.
Connectionism aims to explain intellectual abilities using artificial intelligence.
Neural networks are also referred to as connectionist models.
Neural networks are also referred to as connectionist models.
Chomsky's views on language learning have remained unchanged over time.
Chomsky's views on language learning have remained unchanged over time.
Neural networks are complex models designed to replicate the brain's functionality.
Neural networks are complex models designed to replicate the brain's functionality.
Weights in neural networks represent the strength of connections between units similar to synapses.
Weights in neural networks represent the strength of connections between units similar to synapses.
The cognitive counter-revolution completely removed the mind from experimental psychology.
The cognitive counter-revolution completely removed the mind from experimental psychology.
Connectionism is based on innate grammatical principles.
Connectionism is based on innate grammatical principles.
George Miller was instrumental in establishing the Center for Cognitive Studies at Harvard.
George Miller was instrumental in establishing the Center for Cognitive Studies at Harvard.
Neural networks have shown capability in tasks such as face recognition and reading.
Neural networks have shown capability in tasks such as face recognition and reading.
Jerry Bruner's group initially referred to themselves as the 'Psychology Project'.
Jerry Bruner's group initially referred to themselves as the 'Psychology Project'.
B.F. Skinner was a prominent figure associated with cognitive psychology.
B.F. Skinner was a prominent figure associated with cognitive psychology.
The cognitive revolution was marked by a strong agreement on the definitions and frameworks within cognitive science.
The cognitive revolution was marked by a strong agreement on the definitions and frameworks within cognitive science.
Marr and Poggio proposed a model of vision that incorporates elements of psychology, artificial intelligence, and neurophysiology.
Marr and Poggio proposed a model of vision that incorporates elements of psychology, artificial intelligence, and neurophysiology.
The history of experimental psychology is characterized by distinct revolutions that marked clear breaks from previous methodologies.
The history of experimental psychology is characterized by distinct revolutions that marked clear breaks from previous methodologies.
The multi-disciplinary approach to cognitive science has successfully transitioned to a mature inter-disciplinary field.
The multi-disciplinary approach to cognitive science has successfully transitioned to a mature inter-disciplinary field.
Wundt is credited as the sole founder of psychology, and this founding act is viewed as the only genuine revolution in the field.
Wundt is credited as the sole founder of psychology, and this founding act is viewed as the only genuine revolution in the field.
The behaviorist and cognitivist paradigms are regarded as shifts that caused significant upheaval in psychological science.
The behaviorist and cognitivist paradigms are regarded as shifts that caused significant upheaval in psychological science.
Cognitive science has maintained a consistent educational framework across different institutions.
Cognitive science has maintained a consistent educational framework across different institutions.
The cognitive revolution fundamentally emphasized the role of computation in understanding cognition.
The cognitive revolution fundamentally emphasized the role of computation in understanding cognition.
Bruner received funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New York.
Bruner received funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New York.
Behaviorism primarily flourished in Europe.
Behaviorism primarily flourished in Europe.
Sir Frederic Bartlett focused on emotion and behavior.
Sir Frederic Bartlett focused on emotion and behavior.
Jean Piaget's insights significantly influenced the understanding of children's cognition.
Jean Piaget's insights significantly influenced the understanding of children's cognition.
George Miller proposed that memory span is limited to around ten items.
George Miller proposed that memory span is limited to around ten items.
Miller concluded that memory span is defined in terms of bits rather than chunks.
Miller concluded that memory span is defined in terms of bits rather than chunks.
Cognitive psychology often utilizes information-processing diagrams.
Cognitive psychology often utilizes information-processing diagrams.
The mind cannot be studied as an information processing system according to Miller's findings.
The mind cannot be studied as an information processing system according to Miller's findings.
Flashcards
Hixon Symposium (1948)
Hixon Symposium (1948)
A pivotal conference in 1948 that marked the beginning of cognitive psychology, focusing on the comparison between the mind and information-processing machines. It challenged the dominance of behaviorism by suggesting that mental processes could be studied scientifically.
Information-processing model
Information-processing model
A model of cognition that views the mind as a system that processes information in stages, similar to how computers work. This approach focuses on how information is received, processed, stored, and retrieved.
Nativist Perspective
Nativist Perspective
A theoretical view in cognitive psychology that assumes some cognitive abilities are innate or pre-wired, not learned. It emphasizes the role of biological factors in shaping cognition.
Associationist Perspective
Associationist Perspective
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Cognitive Revolution
Cognitive Revolution
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Cognitive Science
Cognitive Science
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Karl Lashley
Karl Lashley
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Warren McCulloch
Warren McCulloch
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Universal Grammar
Universal Grammar
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Computational Recursion
Computational Recursion
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How Language is Learned?
How Language is Learned?
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Connectionism
Connectionism
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Artificial Neural Networks
Artificial Neural Networks
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Innate Structures
Innate Structures
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Principled Constraints
Principled Constraints
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Reinforcement
Reinforcement
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Serial Order Problem
Serial Order Problem
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Proprioceptive Signal
Proprioceptive Signal
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Central Program
Central Program
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Neural Net
Neural Net
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Dartmouth Workshop
Dartmouth Workshop
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Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
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Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
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John McCarthy
John McCarthy
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Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies
Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies
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George Miller
George Miller
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Memory Span
Memory Span
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Chunking
Chunking
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Sir Frederic Bartlett
Sir Frederic Bartlett
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Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget
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Implementational Level
Implementational Level
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Computational Level
Computational Level
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Three-level view of information processing
Three-level view of information processing
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Neural Networks
Neural Networks
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Cognitive Counter-Revolution
Cognitive Counter-Revolution
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What does connectionism propose?
What does connectionism propose?
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What did the cognitive counter-revolution bring back to psychology?
What did the cognitive counter-revolution bring back to psychology?
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How are neural networks different from traditional computational models?
How are neural networks different from traditional computational models?
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Why is the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies significant?
Why is the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies significant?
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Study Notes
History of Psychology: Session 7 - Cognitive Psychology
- The 1948 Hixon Symposium marked a period where scientists, including mathematicians and neurophysiologists, proposed parallels between the mind and machines. This challenged behavioral theories.
- Learning Objectives for the Session include identifying key figures and ideas leading to cognitive psychology, discussing tensions between nativist and associationist perspectives within cognitive psychology, the impact of the "cognitive revolution" and cognitive science.
- Key figures in cognitive psychology: Karl Lashley, Warren McCulloch, and John von Neumann were discussed in relation to their contributions and methodologies.
- The Dartmouth Workshop (1956) is considered a seminal event for AI and cognitive psychology. Key figures who attended included: Claude Shannon, Allen Newell, Herbert Simon, Marvin Minsky, and Oliver Selfridge.
- Noam Chomsky's perspective centers around innate Universal Grammar, highlighting the innate ability of children to acquire language.
- The Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies (1960), led by figures like George Miller and Jerome Bruner, marked an important advancement in experimental psychology.
- Miller's work focused on the memory span, proposing the concept of "chunks" rather than bits.
- A "Filter Model of Attention," proposed by Broadbent (1958), demonstrates the early cognitive psychology approach to information processing.
- Connectionism, also known as parallel distributed processing, is a movement that uses artificial neural networks to model intellectual abilities.
- Marr's levels (computational, algorithmic, and implementational) provide a framework for understanding information processing systems.
- There is debate about whether psychology experiences true revolutions or if changes happen gradually.
- Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field that is more than primarily cognitive psychology.
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Description
Explore the origins of cognitive psychology through key events and contributions from influential figures such as Karl Lashley, Warren McCulloch, and John von Neumann. This quiz covers landmark happenings like the Hixon Symposium of 1948 and the Dartmouth Workshop of 1956, highlighting the development of theories and their implications in various fields.
