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Questions and Answers
What is the focus of clinical psychology?
Which term refers to behavior that is not culturally accepted or is different from what society considers normal?
What is the process of determining if an individual's problem meets the criteria for a psychological disorder?
Which approach involves systematically compiling possible symptoms into a sentence?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 4D's used in the dimensional approach to identify psychological dysfunction?
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What does 'Deviance' refer to in the context of psychological dysfunction?
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Who is considered the first proponent of humane therapy for the insane?
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What did Dorothea Dix envision for hospitals for the insane?
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Which model emphasizes that individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors?
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What did John P. Grey believe was the primary cause of insanity?
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In which model do risk factors trigger a genetic vulnerability in individuals?
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What does etiology refer to in the context of psychological disorders?
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Which dimension is included in the biopsychosocial model of etiology for psychological disorders?
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What does prevalence refer to in relation to psychological disorders?
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What is the difference between chronic and time-limited patterns of a psychological disorder?
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What distinguishes acute from insidious onset in psychological disorders?
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Which historical model of abnormal behavior attributes disorders to supernatural causes?
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Which ancient figure suggested that psychological disorders might be caused by brain pathology or head trauma?
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What did the Egyptians use to treat pain according to the text?
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Which theory of disorders involved the concepts of Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, and Phlegmatic temperaments?
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Who is credited with proposing a theory that rejected the notions of possessions by the devil and suggested gravitational effects on the human mind?
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What sexually transmitted disease from the 19th century was associated with delusions of persecution and grandeur?
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Which individual is known for the germ theory of disease?
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Study Notes
Clinical Psychology
- Clinical psychology is an applied branch of psychology that focuses on understanding, assessing, and treating psychological conditions in clinical settings.
- It emphasizes treatment, psychotherapy, and mental health.
Abnormal Behavior and Psychological Disorders
- Abnormal behavior refers to a psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning, and a response that is not atypical or culturally expected.
- A psychological disorder is a psychological dysfunction that meets specific criteria, such as the 4D's: Distress, Dysfunction, Dangerousness, and Deviance.
Diagnosis and Assessment
- Diagnosis is the process of determining whether a problem meets the criteria for a psychological disorder.
- The categorical approach uses a systematic set of criteria to diagnose a disorder.
- The dimensional approach considers the severity and impact of symptoms on daily life.
Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior
- The supernatural model attributes abnormal behavior to supernatural forces, such as demonic possession.
- The biological model proposes that psychological disorders are caused by brain pathology, heredity, or physical factors.
- The psychological model suggests that psychological factors, such as thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, contribute to abnormal behavior.
Models of Psychological Disorders
- The diathesis-stress model proposes that individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors, which are activated under stress.
- The reciprocal-gene environment model suggests that genetic tendencies can shape an individual's environment, which in turn can trigger genetic vulnerabilities.
Understanding Psychological Disorders
- Etiology refers to the causes or origins of a psychological disorder.
- Biopsychosocial factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors, contribute to the development of psychological disorders.
- Prevalence refers to the number of cases of a disorder in a population, while incidence refers to the number of new cases in a given time.
Treatment and Outcome
- The course pattern of a disorder refers to the progression and duration of symptoms.
- Prognosis is the anticipated course of a disorder, which can be good, bad, or guarded.
- Treatment outcomes can be acute, episodic, or chronic, depending on the duration and frequency of symptoms.
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Description
Explore the evolution and key aspects of clinical psychology, an applied branch of psychology focused on understanding, assessing, and treating psychological conditions in clinical settings. Learn about abnormal behavior, psychological disorders, and the diagnosis process.
