23 Questions
What is the focus of clinical psychology?
Assessing and treating psychological conditions in clinical settings
Which term refers to behavior that is not culturally accepted or is different from what society considers normal?
Deviance
What is the process of determining if an individual's problem meets the criteria for a psychological disorder?
Diagnosis
Which approach involves systematically compiling possible symptoms into a sentence?
Categorical approach
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4D's used in the dimensional approach to identify psychological dysfunction?
Depression
What does 'Deviance' refer to in the context of psychological dysfunction?
Behavior that is atypical or culturally unaccepted
Who is considered the first proponent of humane therapy for the insane?
Dorothea Dix
What did Dorothea Dix envision for hospitals for the insane?
Spacious, well-ventilated, and beautiful grounds
Which model emphasizes that individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors?
Diathesis-stress model
What did John P. Grey believe was the primary cause of insanity?
Physical factors
In which model do risk factors trigger a genetic vulnerability in individuals?
Reciprocal-gene environment model
What does etiology refer to in the context of psychological disorders?
Causes or reasons for acquiring the disorder
Which dimension is included in the biopsychosocial model of etiology for psychological disorders?
Biological, Psychological, and Social dimensions
What does prevalence refer to in relation to psychological disorders?
How many from the population have the disorder
What is the difference between chronic and time-limited patterns of a psychological disorder?
Chronic is frequent manifestations, while time-limited will improve on its own.
What distinguishes acute from insidious onset in psychological disorders?
Acute has rapid, sudden development, while insidious has a gradual development.
Which historical model of abnormal behavior attributes disorders to supernatural causes?
Supernatural Model
Which ancient figure suggested that psychological disorders might be caused by brain pathology or head trauma?
Hippocrates
What did the Egyptians use to treat pain according to the text?
Narcotics
Which theory of disorders involved the concepts of Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, and Phlegmatic temperaments?
Humoral theory
Who is credited with proposing a theory that rejected the notions of possessions by the devil and suggested gravitational effects on the human mind?
Paracelsus
What sexually transmitted disease from the 19th century was associated with delusions of persecution and grandeur?
Syphilis
Which individual is known for the germ theory of disease?
Louis Pasteur
Study Notes
Clinical Psychology
- Clinical psychology is an applied branch of psychology that focuses on understanding, assessing, and treating psychological conditions in clinical settings.
- It emphasizes treatment, psychotherapy, and mental health.
Abnormal Behavior and Psychological Disorders
- Abnormal behavior refers to a psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning, and a response that is not atypical or culturally expected.
- A psychological disorder is a psychological dysfunction that meets specific criteria, such as the 4D's: Distress, Dysfunction, Dangerousness, and Deviance.
Diagnosis and Assessment
- Diagnosis is the process of determining whether a problem meets the criteria for a psychological disorder.
- The categorical approach uses a systematic set of criteria to diagnose a disorder.
- The dimensional approach considers the severity and impact of symptoms on daily life.
Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior
- The supernatural model attributes abnormal behavior to supernatural forces, such as demonic possession.
- The biological model proposes that psychological disorders are caused by brain pathology, heredity, or physical factors.
- The psychological model suggests that psychological factors, such as thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, contribute to abnormal behavior.
Models of Psychological Disorders
- The diathesis-stress model proposes that individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors, which are activated under stress.
- The reciprocal-gene environment model suggests that genetic tendencies can shape an individual's environment, which in turn can trigger genetic vulnerabilities.
Understanding Psychological Disorders
- Etiology refers to the causes or origins of a psychological disorder.
- Biopsychosocial factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors, contribute to the development of psychological disorders.
- Prevalence refers to the number of cases of a disorder in a population, while incidence refers to the number of new cases in a given time.
Treatment and Outcome
- The course pattern of a disorder refers to the progression and duration of symptoms.
- Prognosis is the anticipated course of a disorder, which can be good, bad, or guarded.
- Treatment outcomes can be acute, episodic, or chronic, depending on the duration and frequency of symptoms.
Explore the evolution and key aspects of clinical psychology, an applied branch of psychology focused on understanding, assessing, and treating psychological conditions in clinical settings. Learn about abnormal behavior, psychological disorders, and the diagnosis process.
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