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Questions and Answers
What is the term used for the practical application of scientific knowledge to solve real-world problems?
Which of the following is NOT a proposed definition of abnormal behavior?
What are the 5 Ds used to determine if a person is abnormal?
Deviation, Discomfort or Distress, Dysfunction, Danger, Diagnosis
The DSM-5 dropped the multiaxial assessment system used in previous editions.
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What did Hippocrates emphasize as the cause of various forms of mental illness?
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The DSM defines a mental disorder as a clinically significant disturbance in ______, emotion regulation, or behavior.
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What is the primary focus of clinical psychology?
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Study Notes
Understanding Abnormal Behavior
- Clinical psychology focuses on applying psychological principles to address adjustment issues and abnormal behavior.
- It aims to change clients' behaviors, thoughts, and feelings through empirically supported methods.
- Abnormal behavior lacks a universally accepted definition, characterized by no single feature shared by all forms or clear boundaries between normal and abnormal behavior.
Definitions of Abnormal Behavior
- Statistical infrequency or violation of social norms.
- Subjective distress experienced by the individual.
- Disability or impairment in functioning.
DSM-5 Definition of Mental Disorder
- Defined as a clinically significant disturbance in cognitive, emotional regulation, or behavior.
- Indicates dysfunction in mental functioning, usually causing significant distress or disability in various aspects of life.
Criteria for Identifying Abnormal Behavior (5 D's)
- Deviation from common behavior patterns.
- Discomfort or distress felt by the individual regarding their feelings.
- Dysfunction, including significant behavioral changes impacting relationships and work.
- Danger posed to the self or others, such as suicidal thoughts.
- Diagnosis based on criteria outlined in DSM-5 or DSM-5-TR.
Historical Context of Abnormal Psychology
- Hippocrates, in the 5th century BCE, attributed mental illness to natural causes, specifically an imbalance of bodily fluids.
- Earlier DSM editions (I and II) categorized disorders into three broad types: psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders, reflecting a psychoanalytic approach.
Evolution of DSM Editions
- DSM-III (1980) introduced empirical data to define disorders and specific diagnostic criteria, moving away from a psychoanalytic focus.
- It employed a multiaxial assessment system, allowing detailed classifications across five axes, although this was removed in DSM-5.
- Axis I covered episodic disorders, Axis II focused on stable disorders, and Axes III and IV related to medical and psychosocial issues, respectively.
Summary of DSM Revisions
- Earlier editions had limited categories and reflected psychoanalytic perspectives.
- Subsequent editions progressively utilized empirical data and specific criteria for a more standardized approach to diagnosis and classification.
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Description
Explore the key concepts in clinical psychology, focusing on what constitutes abnormal behavior. This quiz will help you understand the application of psychological principles in diagnosing and classifying psychological issues. Test your knowledge on how clinicians work to change behavior, thoughts, and feelings of clients.
