75 Questions
What is the traditional Ifugao wood carving of their rice god called?
Bulul
Which of the following describes a Maranao ceremonial vessel for wedding gifts?
Gadur
What is a Ling-ling-o?
An Ifugao fertility necklace or earring
Which of these traditional sculptures serves as the ultimate symbol and proof of the owner's economic and political power?
Hagabi
What pattern motif is associated with Mindanaoan woodcarving?
Ukkil
Which of the following is a style of dwelling characterized by a triangular roof, free-standing support, and an elevated house cube?
Bahay kubo
What is a balkon in the context of a bahay kubo?
A front porch
What is the name of the Ivatan traditional house of stone and mortar with a cogon thatch roof?
Rakuh
What does the term 'Encarnacion' mean in the context of Santos-religious images?
to enliven; to bring life
Who developed the style combining 'tipos del pais' and genre paintings forming letters from people in local costumes?
Jose Honorato Lozano
What is the 'Retablo' known for in sculpture?
A house for the tabernacle and the image of the town's patron saint
Which painting by Juan Novicio Luna won the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition?
Spoliarium
What is 'Reduccion' in the context of architecture?
Grouping scattered communities into larger ones
What does the 'Bastidor santo' refer to in Santos-religious images?
A mannequin-type intended to be dressed with clothing and accessories
Who is recognized as the earliest known sculptor in the Philippines?
Juan de los Santos
What is the significance of 'La Doctrina Christiana en la Lengua Española y Tagala'?
First book printed in the country
What architectural feature allows the Badjao house boat to float steadily?
Katig
Which indigenous house has a large concave roof resembling an inverted Isneg boat?
Binuron
What is the purpose of the 'halipan' in Ifugao houses?
It is a cylindrical rat guard.
Which artist is known for the painting 'Langit, Lupa at Impierno'?
Jose Luciano Dans
Which indigenous architecture style is distinguished by carved wooden finials called 'tadjuk pasung'?
Bay sinug
Which of the following is an Ifugao house for the affluent, covered by a pyramidal hipped roof?
F/Bale
What material is NOT typically used in constructing a T'boli long house?
Concrete
Who was the artist known for working in the 'tipos del pais' style and establishing the first formal fine arts school in the Philippines?
Damian Domingo y Gabor
Who was the first National Artist for Architecture in the Philippines?
Juan Nakpil
Which architect is known for designing the Manila City Hall and Bureau of Customs?
Antonio Toledo
Which building is not a work of Juan Arellano?
Manila City Hall
Who is the founder of Mapua Institute of Technology?
Tomas Mapúa
Which architect was sent to Ohio State as a pensionado?
Antonio Toledo
Which building was not designed by William Parsons?
De La Salle College
Which type of house was designed for improved air circulation and lighting?
Bahay na bato
What is the purpose of the Coro in ecclesiastical structures?
It is the choir loft.
Which ecclesiastical landmark is known for its sinking belltower?
Laoag Church
What is the defining feature of European-styled fortifications?
Heavy stone walls and moats
Which church is distinguished by its enormous side buttresses with scroll-like bases?
Party Church
Which landmark has an unusual Aztec-like bas-relief on its facade?
Miag-ao Church
Which of the following is an integral part of the church complex and serves as a parish house or rectory?
Convento
Which church was designed by Gustav Eiffel and is one of the first steel buildings in the country?
San Sebastian
Which artist is known for his portrayal of the 'dalagang bukid'?
Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto
Who was the first dean of the UP Fine Arts School?
Fabian dela Rosa
What is the style Beaux Arts known for?
Grandiose and elaborate design
What function did the Aduana building serve in colonial architecture?
Customs house
Which is the oldest university in Asia founded by the Dominicans?
Universidad de Santo Tomas
Which building was known as the residence of the highest official of the land during the colonial period?
Palacio de Gobierno
Who created the Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan?
Guillermo Tolentino
Which architectural style is described as elaborate?
Beaux Arts
Who introduced the Art Nouveau style to the Philippines?
Andres Luna de San Pedro
Who is known as the Father of Philippine Modern Art?
Victorio C. Edades
Which building is considered a forerunner of the mall in the Philippines?
Crystal Arcade
Who created the 'History of Manila' mural at the Manila City Hall?
Carlos 'Botong' Francisco
Who was the second National Artist for Architecture?
Pablo Antonio
Who Filipinized Western canonical iconography with the 'Brown Madonna'?
Galo B. Ocampo
Who is known for works such as 'Beefsteak' and 'Genesis'?
Hernando R. Ocampo
Which artist is recognized as the major proponent of Cubism in the Philippines?
Vicente Manansala
Which artist is known for the work Carroza?
Fernando Zobel
Who was the country's leading abstract expressionist?
Jose Joya
Which of the following works were created by Ang Kiu Kok?
Crucifixed
What characteristics are part of Philippine Modern Architecture?
Brise soleil sun breakers
What movement's seeds took root in Philippine Modern Architecture?
Bauhaus School
Which style involves the use of molded concrete and folded plate technology?
Space Age
Which artist is associated with vivid colors and abstract representations of nipa huts?
Mauro "Malang" Santos
Who among the following was a National Artist for Visual Arts?
Arturo Luz
Which medium did Ramon Orlina utilize to create his sculptural forms?
Glass
What is a characteristic feature of post-modernism in contemporary architecture?
Tripartite division of skyscrapers
Which of the following is an example of a master-planned micro-city?
Fort Bonifacio Global City
Which of these retail environments is part of contemporary architecture?
SM Mall of Asia
Where can you find the tabernacle altar made by Ramon Orlina?
EDSA Shrine
What architectural style emphasizes traditional building practices and a pragmatic knowledge of local history?
Tropical Regionalism
Which architectural movement drew on vernacular forms as a reaction against International Modernism in the 1960s and 1970s?
Neovernacular Architecture
Whose works instilled indigenous Filipino motifs like ukkil, sarimanok, and naga in the nation's consciousness?
Abdulmari Imao
Who is known for pioneering the neofigurative style in the Sabel series?
Bendicto Cabrera
Which of the following is a work by Leandro Locsin?
Cultural Center of the Philippines
Who is the proponent of Filipino architecture in the modern age?
Francisco Mañosa
Which architect is associated with works like the National Arts Center and Manila International Airport?
Leandro Locsin
Who is known for his bronze sheet monuments like La Pieta?
Eduardo Castrillo
Study Notes
Pre-Colonial Art and Architecture
- Basketry: process of making baskets from interwoven fibrous materials
-
Metalwork: notable examples include:
- Ling-ling-o: Ifugao fertility jewelry
- Gadur: Maranao ceremonial vessel
- Galang: traditional brass or bronze vessel
- Lotoan or Betel nut containers
-
Sculpture: notable examples include:
- Bulul: Ifugao wood carving of their rice god
- Kinib-bigat/kinabagat: central post/king post in an Ifugao house with a carved human figure
- Hagabi: Ifugao wooden bench with a slightly arched midsection
- Binabuy: Ifugao pig sculptures
- Ukkil/Tausug or Okir/Maranao: "leaf-and-vine" pattern motif associated with Mindanaoan woodcarving
- Sarimanok: a bird or cock-form; symbol of a messenger
- Cave dwellings: evidence of ancient cave dwellers in Angono, Rizal, and the Tabon Cave in Palawan
- The Cordillera Rice Terraces: 2000-year-old terraces carved into the mountains of Ifugao
Vernacular Architecture
-
Bahay kubo: traditional Filipino house style in lowland areas, characterized by:
- Triangular roof
- Free-standing support
- Elevated house cube
- Common areas:
- Balkon: front porch
- Bulwagan: multi-purpose main room
- Silid: bedroom
- Kitchen
- Batalan: roofless back porch; serves as cleaning area and wash room
-
Variations of Vernacular dwellings:
- Binuron: Isneg one-room abode with a large concave roof
- Binayon: Kalinga octagonal house
- F/Bale: Ifugao house for the affluent
- Tukud: post
- Halipan: cylindrical rat guard
- Badjao house boat: with a detachable A-frame roof
- Bay sinug: traditional Tausug house on stilts
Spanish Colonial Art
-
Paintings: notable examples include:
- Jose Luciano Dans: one of the earliest recorded painters in Philippine art history
- Damian Domingo y Gabor: worked in the "tipos del pais" style
-
Sculpture:
- Retablo: houses the tabernacle and the image of the town's patron saint
- Rellieves: carved images in relief
- Santos: religious images
- Juan de los Santos: earliest known sculptor in the Philippines
-
Graphic Arts:
- La Doctrina Christiana en la Lengua Española y Tagala: first book printed in the country
- Estampas and estampitas: prints of miraculous images
Spanish Colonial Architecture
-
Town Planning:
- Plaza complex: integrated central area with fort and church
-
Houses:
- Bahay na bato/bahay na tisa: evolved bahay kubo with improved air circulation and lighting
-
Ecclesiastical Structures:
- Parts: nave, aisles, transept, altar, apse, coro, sacristia, pulpit, tribunas, belfry
- Examples: Manila Cathedral, Laoag Church, Paoay Church, Quiapo Church
American Colonial Period
-
Art:
- Classicism: Fabian dela Rosa and Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto
- Depiction of the "dalagang bukid"
-
Architecture:
- Neoclassic, Art Deco, Art Nouveau, and Beaux Arts styles
- Notable examples: Palacio de Gobierno, Ayuntamiento, Real Audiencia, Aduana, Municipio/Casa de Municipal/Casa Real
- Educational facilities: Universidad de Santo Tomas, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Colegio de Sta.Rita, Ateneo de Manila
Modern Period
-
Triumvirate of Philippine Modern Art:
- Victorio C.Edades
- Galo B.Ocampo
- Carlos "Botong" Francisco
-
Thirteen Moderns:
- Reacting to the academic style of Unna and Hidalgo and Amorsolo
- Notable examples: Diosdado Lorenzo, Vicente S.Manansala, Hernando R.Ocampo, Cesar T.Legaspi, Demetrio Diego, UST faculty members
-
Abstract Expressionism:
- Jose Pardo
- Arsenio Capili
- Ricarte Purugganan
- Anita Magsaysay-Ho
Contemporary Period
-
Art:
- Conceptual Art
- Notable examples: Benedicto Cabrera, Abdulmari Imao, Eduardo Castrillo
-
Architecture:
- Tropical Regionalism
- Neovernacular Architecture
- Notable examples: Leandro Locsin, Francisco Mañosa, Ramon Orlina
- Contemporary styles: Post-modernism, Skyscrapers, Master-planned micro-cities, Retail environments, Gated communities
Explore the history of art and architecture, focusing on various traditional crafts and decorative objects from different cultures.
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