Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who created the elevator and showcased it in the world exhibition in the US?
Who created the elevator and showcased it in the world exhibition in the US?
Elisha Otis
What impact did Elisha Otis's elevator innovation have on building design?
What impact did Elisha Otis's elevator innovation have on building design?
When does contemporary architecture begin?
When does contemporary architecture begin?
between 1850-1950
Who was responsible for designing the Crystal Palace in London in 1850-51?
Who was responsible for designing the Crystal Palace in London in 1850-51?
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Napoleon II transformed Paris and was known for creating narrow streets and high population density.
Napoleon II transformed Paris and was known for creating narrow streets and high population density.
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The first cast iron bridge built in 1755 was the Coalbrookdale Bridge, using the same logic as the ____________.
The first cast iron bridge built in 1755 was the Coalbrookdale Bridge, using the same logic as the ____________.
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Who revolutionized engineering by working in three dimensions with beams and designed structures based on static function?
Who revolutionized engineering by working in three dimensions with beams and designed structures based on static function?
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The Eiffel Tower embodies an architecture stripped of ornamentation, emphasizing function and structural integrity above all else.
The Eiffel Tower embodies an architecture stripped of ornamentation, emphasizing function and structural integrity above all else.
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What type of construction system generated the entire residential houses in the US and was extremely light, economic, efficient, and cheap?
What type of construction system generated the entire residential houses in the US and was extremely light, economic, efficient, and cheap?
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Chicago was connected to canals in the 19th century, which resulted in the city's growth and concentration of people. These canals permitted reaching Chicago from New York in a couple of weeks and connected lakes to the ___________ to facilitate transportation.
Chicago was connected to canals in the 19th century, which resulted in the city's growth and concentration of people. These canals permitted reaching Chicago from New York in a couple of weeks and connected lakes to the ___________ to facilitate transportation.
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Study Notes
Introdução
- Modernism began between 1850-1950, marking a new era in architecture
- The understanding of materials and their durability was crucial in this period
- Science greatly aided architecture, and the idea of scale began to emerge
Modernidades XIX Parte 1
- The Crystal Palace (1850-51) was a symbol of the new UK's economic order and dynamic
- It was built in less than 6 months and featured a modular isotropic system, cast iron, and glass
- The building's design reflected high functionality and symbolized a new era of economic and societal change
Modernidades XIX Parte 2
- The transformation of Paris in the 1850s was led by Napoleon's dictatorship and the rapid growth of the city
- Georges-Eugène Haussmann's renovation of Paris created a new identity for the city and its structure
- The construction of railways and the demolition of old apartments led to a transformation of the city
Ferro Estrutural
- The use of iron led to new structural typologies and innovations in architecture
- The Polonceau roofing technique exemplified a mix of materials and structures, blending curved glass with thin cast iron structures
- The Britannia Bridge introduced a revolutionary tube system to overcome challenges in bridge construction
Galerie des Machines
- The Galerie des Machines was constructed during the Paris international exhibition and showcased industrial and architectural innovation
- It featured a more subdued atmosphere and was strategically located along main avenues or bustling sites
Piranesi-Ledoux
- Giovanni Battista Piranesi and Claude-Nicholas Ledoux opened the traditional notion of classes
- The Grand Tour was a rite of passage for aristocratic young men, showcasing classical ruins and romantic views
- Venice became a center of printing and theoretical architectural discussions
Early Urbanism
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The United States made a significant contribution to architecture in the second half of the 18th century
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The 1871 Chicago fire led to the evolution of architecture in the US
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The fire led to the development of a new architecture that was pragmatic and liberal, using iron and steel to create structures that could resist fire### City Development and Architecture
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Cities characterized by "chessboard" layout with 3D application, height, and public/private space debates.
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Introduction of steel allows for open space on the ground floor and public use.
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Grid system develops, dividing areas into smaller spaces, leading to vertical growth.
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Liberalism influences city growth and development.
###Technological Advancements
- Otis elevator permits taller buildings with ease.
- Le Baron Jenney focuses on quick, efficient construction, rather than innovative styles.
- Louis Sullivan theorizes skyscraper architecture, emphasizing functionality over form.
Historical Context
- Land Ordinance Act of 1785 introduces geometric segmentation, shaping urban development.
- Illinois-Michigan Canal (1848) and Eire Canal (1853) connect lakes to the Hudson River and Atlantic Sea, facilitating growth and development.
- American Civil War (1861-1865) pits industrial and traditional segments against each other, with industrialism emerging victorious.
Building Systems and Innovations
- Balloon Frame construction: simple, economic, and efficient, with unknown inventor.
- James Bogardus introduces pre-fabricated building techniques from the UK to the US.
- Cast Iron District (SOHO) in New York City showcases ornate facades, simulating European styles.
Influential Figures
- William Le Baron Jenney: engineer and architect who studied building structures and emphasized speed over aesthetics.
- Louis Sullivan: theorized skyscraper architecture, emphasizing function over form.
- Elisha Otis: invented the elevator and showcased its security system, enabling larger buildings.
- James Bogardus: brought pre-fabricated building techniques to the US and worked on industrial buildings.
- Richard Morris Hunt: designed the Tribune Building in New York City (1875).
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Description
This quiz covers the history of architecture from the 19th century to modern times, including topics such as modernity, iron structures, and famous architects like Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright.
