Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of a secondary source?
Which of the following is an example of a secondary source?
All historical works and sources are commendable.
All historical works and sources are commendable.
False (B)
What term describes the period of human history before the existence of written records?
What term describes the period of human history before the existence of written records?
Prehistory
A ________ source interprets and analyzes primary sources.
A ________ source interprets and analyzes primary sources.
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Match the types of sources with their correct definitions:
Match the types of sources with their correct definitions:
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What is historiography primarily concerned with?
What is historiography primarily concerned with?
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All historical works with sources are considered commendable.
All historical works with sources are considered commendable.
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What are primary sources in historical research?
What are primary sources in historical research?
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Historians must always question the quality of their ______.
Historians must always question the quality of their ______.
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Match the following questions about sources with their emphasis:
Match the following questions about sources with their emphasis:
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Which statement about the understanding of truth in history is correct?
Which statement about the understanding of truth in history is correct?
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Primary sources must always be original documents.
Primary sources must always be original documents.
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What process involves critically examining and analyzing historical records?
What process involves critically examining and analyzing historical records?
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What does Luna's signature 'JB' stand for?
What does Luna's signature 'JB' stand for?
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The first illustrated edition of the Noli was published in 1909.
The first illustrated edition of the Noli was published in 1909.
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On what date were Manuel L. Quezon's remains buried at the Manila North Cemetery?
On what date were Manuel L. Quezon's remains buried at the Manila North Cemetery?
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The Katipunan was founded on July 7, _____
The Katipunan was founded on July 7, _____
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Where were Manuel L. Quezon's remains temporarily buried before returning to the Philippines?
Where were Manuel L. Quezon's remains temporarily buried before returning to the Philippines?
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Match the following historical figures with their roles:
Match the following historical figures with their roles:
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The Arch of the Centuries is the original entrance door of the University of Santo Tomas.
The Arch of the Centuries is the original entrance door of the University of Santo Tomas.
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What is the Spanish word for 'Moon', linked to Luna's name?
What is the Spanish word for 'Moon', linked to Luna's name?
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What type of primary source is described as a brittle sheet of paper found at the University of Santo Tomas?
What type of primary source is described as a brittle sheet of paper found at the University of Santo Tomas?
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Teodora Alonso died on August 16, 1911.
Teodora Alonso died on August 16, 1911.
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What event is associated with Emilio Jacinto's photograph taken in 1899?
What event is associated with Emilio Jacinto's photograph taken in 1899?
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The remains of the Santo Domingo Church were heavily damaged during the bombing raid in _____ 1941.
The remains of the Santo Domingo Church were heavily damaged during the bombing raid in _____ 1941.
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Match each event with the corresponding image or description:
Match each event with the corresponding image or description:
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Which of the following artworks was made by Juan Luna?
Which of the following artworks was made by Juan Luna?
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The Fort Santiago gate remains unchanged after the Second World War.
The Fort Santiago gate remains unchanged after the Second World War.
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What was the fate of Emilio Jacinto's remains after his death?
What was the fate of Emilio Jacinto's remains after his death?
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What is the title of Rizal's last poem?
What is the title of Rizal's last poem?
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Andres Bonifacio was executed on Mount Hulog in May 1898.
Andres Bonifacio was executed on Mount Hulog in May 1898.
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Who was the man responsible for leading the execution of Andres Bonifacio?
Who was the man responsible for leading the execution of Andres Bonifacio?
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The size of the original La Solidaridad was the size of a _____ bond paper.
The size of the original La Solidaridad was the size of a _____ bond paper.
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Match the following writings or documents with their descriptions:
Match the following writings or documents with their descriptions:
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Which educational institution did Jose Rizal attend for his medicine studies?
Which educational institution did Jose Rizal attend for his medicine studies?
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Jose Rizal had to hide his last name 'Mercado' during his enrollment.
Jose Rizal had to hide his last name 'Mercado' during his enrollment.
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What grade did Jose Rizal achieve during his Third Year studies in Medicine?
What grade did Jose Rizal achieve during his Third Year studies in Medicine?
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Study Notes
Copyright Disclaimer
- No part of this material may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form.
- Exceptions include personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.
Historiography
- Historiography is the writing of history.
- It involves critical examination of sources, detailed selection, and synthesis of details.
- The goal is a narrative that withstands critical review.
- An imaginative reconstruction of the past.
The Entire Past
- Only a portion of the past is observed, remembered, and recorded.
- Not all of what's recorded survives.
- Only a part of what survives comes to a historian's attention.
- Only a portion of what's perceived is credible.
- Only a fragment of credible material is understood.
- Only a small fraction of understood information is expounded or written by historians.
History Without Sources
- History without sources is inconceivable.
- Not all historical works with sources are commendable.
Remember
- There's no single truth in history.
- Historians have various conclusions about periods, events, or issues.
- History is a collection of competing and conflicting arguments and viewpoints.
- History is constantly changing.
Historical Method Vs. Historiography
- Historical method is critically examining and analyzing records and survivals of the past.
- Historiography is the writing of history based on a critical examination of sources.
Sources of History
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When studying history, critically evaluate sources.
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Who wrote the source?
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How do they know the information?
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When was it written?
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Why was it written?
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Who was it written for?
Primary Sources
- Primary sources are original materials from the time period being studied.
- These documents or objects were created during the period in question.
- Examples include diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, original works/art.
A Primary Source
- A primary source does not have to be original to be useful.
Rizal's Writings
- The original manuscript of Rizal's last poem, "Mi Ultimo Adios," is now preserved in the National Library of the Philippines.
- It's stored with other Rizal writings, and the original manuscripts of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
Major Lazaro Makapagal
- Major Lazaro Makapagal led the soldiers who executed Andres Bonifacio.
Letter of Col. Lazaro Makapagal
- Section of a letter from Colonel Lazaro Makapagal to the historian Jose P. Santos describing the execution of Andres Bonifacio and Procopio.
- The letter details the events surrounding the execution in May 1897.
La Solidaridad
- A photograph of the original La Solidaridad is a surprising size.
- Contrary to popular belief, the paper is only 8x11.
- Several copies exist in the UST Archives.
Jose Rizal's Admission Record
- Jose Rizal's admission record to the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery at Santo Tomas University (1878–1879) exists.
- This record contradicts a story about Rizal hiding his real name when enrolling.
Jose Rizal's Grades
- Jose Rizals third-year grades at Santo Tomas University were "Aprovado" which is equivalent to a very good grade.
- His classmate Jose Luna y Novicio had a higher grade, "Sobresaliente" which is excellent.
Rules in the Pre-WWII UST Student Handbook
- Many rules in the pre-World War II UST student handbook were developed due to female student enrollment.
- These rules regulated communication with the opposite sex and classroom protocols.
Specimen of Baybayin
- Specimen of early Filipino writing called Baybayin from the UST Archives.
- One of the irreplaceable treasures at Santo Tomas University.
Other Examples of Primary Sources
- Relics/Artifacts - furniture, pottery, clothing, buildings
- Creative Works - poems, plays, novels, music, art
Teodora Alonso
- Teodora Alonso, Rizal's mother, died in August 1911 in Binondo, Manila.
- Her death occurred a few months after Rizal's remains were transferred to the Rizal Monument.
Emilio Jacinto
- Photo of Emilio Jacinto from the Renacimiento Filipino, taken shortly before his death.
- The photo shows Jacinto during his funeral in Laguna, Philippines where he died from malaria.
- The remains were later transferred to the Manila North Cemetery and finally to Himlayang Pilipino Memorial Park in Quezon City in the 1970s.
Newstands in the U.S. (1942)
- Newspaper headlines from the U.S. reporting the fall of Bataan during World War II.
Fort Santiago Gate
- Picture of the Fort Santiago gate after World War II.
- The gate's only remaining original portions are two soldiers, the sea lions, and the Royal Seal.
Santo Domingo Church and Convent
- Picture of the ruins of Santo Domingo Church and Convent after a bombing raid in 1941.
- The church's walls remained but were in ruins from damage during the Battle of Manila in 1945.
Pilosopong Tasio
- Drawing by Juan Luna for a planned illustrated second edition of Rizal's Noli Me Tangere, showing Pilosopong Tasio.
The Malate Area
- A photograph of the Malate area in Manila during the Battle for Manila in 1945.
Padre Salvi
- Sketch of Padre Salvi, created by Juan Luna, for a planned illustrated edition of Rizal's Noli me tangere.
- Work was discontinued.
Burial of Quezon
- The burial of President Manuel L. Quezon in Manila North Cemetery in 1946.
- Quezon's remains were initially at the University of Santo Tomas and later placed in the Quezon Memorial Circle.
Quezon's Services
- Funeral services for President Manuel L. Quezon at the University of Santo Tomas Chapel, in July 1946.
- This was the last stop before being buried in the North Cemetery.
Deodato Arellano House
- The house of Deodato Arellano on Elcano and Azcarraga Streets in Manila.
- The house is significant for being where the Katipunan was founded in 1892.
University of Santo Tomas Intramuros
- Picture of the University of Santo Tomas entrance in Intramuros, taken before and after World War 2.
- The door on the left dates from 1937 renovations for the Eucharistic Congress, and the right one dates to 1945 after the Battle of Manila.
President Emilio Aguinaldo
- President Emilio Aguinaldo's photo in 1963, at age 93.
- He had lived through the revolution, the Philippine-American War and various terms in office throughout those years.
Apolinario Mabini
- Picture of Apolinario Mabini during his imprisonment in 1901, in Nueva Ecija.
Secondary Source
- A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources.
- These sources are one or more steps removed from the event.
- Examples include textbooks, magazine articles, histories, encyclopedia articles, book about the effects of WWI.
Internal vs. External Criticism
- Internal criticism deals with the accuracy and meaning of the data in a source.
- Textual criticism is an aspect of internal criticism.
- External criticism determines whether a source is genuine and if it maintains textual integrity.
Prehistory
- Prehistory covers the human experience before written records.
- Prehistoric Archaeology studies societies from that time and their pre-writing technologies.
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Description
Test your understanding of historical sources with this quiz that covers primary and secondary sources, historiography, and the critical examination of historical records. Answer questions about the definitions and examples of various types of sources, as well as specific historical facts. Perfect for students of history!
