History Grade 10: Ethiopia's Developments (1850-1941)

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Questions and Answers

What is a key disadvantage faced by cottage industries in Ethiopia when competing with factory-based manufacturers?

Higher production costs due to labor-intensive processes (correct)

Limited product diversity compared to factories

Strong international market presence

Access to advanced technology for production

Which of the following is NOT considered a common cottage industry in Ethiopia?

Metal working

Electronics assembly (correct)

Basket making

Pottery

What role did artisans and craftsmen play in Ethiopian society despite being marginalized?

Prominent economic leaders in the government

Essential contributors to the socio-economy (correct)

Highly respected cultural figures

Main providers of luxury goods for elites

Which products were notably manufactured by blacksmiths in Ethiopia?

Ploughshares and swords Signup and view all the answers

What motivated Kassa Hailu to unify the country during his leadership?

An ambition to expand territorial boundaries Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of Ethiopia's craftsmen being marginalized?

Stagnation in the sophistication of locally produced goods Signup and view all the answers

How did Kassa Hailu initially gain prominence in military matters?

By aiding his half-brother in defeating Egyptians Signup and view all the answers

What was the general public's attitude towards artisans in Ethiopia?

They were viewed with disdain and marginalized Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of confiscating church land during Tewodros II's reign?

To distribute land to the landless Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents an internal opposition Tewodros II faced?

Resistance from regional powers Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the storming of Meqdela on April 30, 1868?

Tewodros II committed suicide Signup and view all the answers

After Tewodros II's death, who initially ascended to the throne as Emperor?

Wagshum Gobeze Signup and view all the answers

Who was designated as Nigus Tekle-Haymanot of Gojjam in 1881?

Ras Adal Tesema Signup and view all the answers

Which two policies did Kassa Mircha follow to achieve his objectives?

Peaceful Submission and Forceful Subjugation Signup and view all the answers

Which agreement recognized Menelik as Negus of Shewa?

The Liche Agreement Signup and view all the answers

What was one outcome of the Council of Boru-Meda held in 1878?

The declaration of Tewahdo as the only doctrine of EOTC Signup and view all the answers

What policy did Menelik II use in his territorial expansion efforts?

Peaceful submission and forceful subjugation Signup and view all the answers

What role did external conflict play in Tewodros II's reforms?

It resulted in Tewodros's military isolation Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant challenge to Tewodros II’s modernization attempts?

Internal Church-State conflicts Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of Menelik's territorial expansion involved his time as king of Shewa?

First phase Signup and view all the answers

Which group resisted Menelik's forces in the western Guraghe region?

Hassan Enjamo's followers Signup and view all the answers

How many campaigns did Menelik undertake to pacify the Arsi Oromo?

Six campaigns Signup and view all the answers

Which area did Menelik successfully pacify after the battle of Azule in 1886?

Arsi Signup and view all the answers

Which leaders from Wallo converted to Christianity and changed their names?

Mohammed Ali and Amede Liban Signup and view all the answers

What motivated Emperor Tewodros to modernize Ethiopia during the 19th century?

Understanding of the dangers posed to Ethiopian independence Signup and view all the answers

What was the main request Tewodros made in his letter to Queen Victoria?

Military assistance against Egypt Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the British expedition to Ethiopia in 1868?

The release of European captives held by Tewodros Signup and view all the answers

What did Tewodros do following his defeat on 11 April 1868?

He committed suicide Signup and view all the answers

Why did Egypt show renewed interest in occupying Ethiopia after the British expedition?

To capitalize on the perceived weakness of Ethiopia Signup and view all the answers

Which attack was part of Khedive Ismail Pasha's campaign against Ethiopia in 1875?

The occupation of Harar Emirate Signup and view all the answers

Which leader commanded the British forces during the military expedition in 1867?

Sir Robert Napier Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the British military's actions post-expedition in 1868?

They burned Tewodros’ fortress and looted treasures Signup and view all the answers

What institution was outlawed by the leader mentioned in the content?

Lebeshay Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on February 1, 1917?

Empress Zewditu's coronation Signup and view all the answers

Who was promoted to the rank of 'Ras' and named successor to the throne?

Teferi Mekonnen Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Diarchy Rule from 1917 to 1930?

Power sharing between two leaders Signup and view all the answers

Which faction was led by Fitawrari Habte Giorgis Dinagde during the Diarchy Rule?

The indigenous camp Signup and view all the answers

What notable action did the regent face opposition from?

Dejjach Balcha Safo's removal Signup and view all the answers

What reform did Haile Selassie implement after gaining control?

The first written Constitution Signup and view all the answers

What significant battle saw the defeat of Nigus Mikael's forces?

Battle of Sagale Signup and view all the answers

What date was the treaty signed between King Menilek II and Count Pietro Antonelli?

2 May 1889 Signup and view all the answers

What significant issue arose from the differences in the treaty's versions?

The meaning of obligations differed. Signup and view all the answers

What was Emperor Menilek II's response after failing to get the treaty revised?

He unilaterally abrogated the treaty. Signup and view all the answers

Which river did the Italians cross to advance into Ethiopian territory?

Marab River Signup and view all the answers

What did Emperor Menilek II call for in response to the Italian encroachment?

Mobilization of his forces Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern expressed by Emperor Menilek II regarding the Italians?

Their intentions to change religion and government Signup and view all the answers

What did Menilek II request from the strong and weak in his speech?

Strength and prayers for support Signup and view all the answers

How many articles did the treaty between Ethiopia and Italy contain?

20 articles Signup and view all the answers

What analogy did Menilek II use to describe the enemies' approach?

Like moles digging into the ground Signup and view all the answers

What was implied about the treaty's revision process?

It was a lengthy process that led to frustration. Signup and view all the answers

How do positive phototropism effects contribute to a plant's survival?

By directing shoot tips towards light for optimal photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of negative geotropism in plants?

Ensures upright growth, maximizing exposure to sunlight Signup and view all the answers

Which type of growth response is demonstrated when root tips move toward water?

Positive hydrotropism Signup and view all the answers

What common trait is shared by both positive phototropism and positive hydrotropism?

Both contribute to optimizing essential resources for survival Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of gravity in plant growth mechanisms?

Gravity provides a constant directional cue for plant orientation Signup and view all the answers

What causes the bending of a plant towards a light source?

Higher auxin concentration on the shaded side Signup and view all the answers

Which response is classified as a negative tropism?

Roots growing away from light Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of auxin in plant growth?

Promoting cell elongation Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for breaking seed dormancy?

Gibberellin Signup and view all the answers

How does auxin concentration affect the growth of roots compared to shoots?

Root growth is inhibited by high auxin levels Signup and view all the answers

What determines the direction of tropic responses in plants?

Unequal production of growth hormones Signup and view all the answers

What effect does abscisic acid have on plants?

Encourages dormancy in seeds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for positive tropism in plants?

Unilateral light exposure Signup and view all the answers

What role does auxin play in phototropism?

It inhibits cell elongation on the shaded part of the shoot. Signup and view all the answers

In geotropism, what is the general behavior of roots and shoots in relation to gravity?

Roots grow downward while shoots grow upward. Signup and view all the answers

What was concluded from Charles Darwin's experiments on phototropism?

An influence is transmitted from the tip of the shoot to its base, regulating growth direction. Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinostat and its effect on plant growth?

An instrument that rotates seedlings to negate the effects of gravity. Signup and view all the answers

How do plant roots demonstrate hydrotropism?

They move towards moist soil to seek water. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes phototropism?

It is the bending of shoots towards light due to cell elongation. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily needed for roots to support their structure and carry out photosynthesis?

Water, which is actively sought through hydrotropism. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant growth response is classified as negative geotropism?

Shoots bending upwards against the direction of gravity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oromia Regional State West Arsi Zone

Dodola IfA Boru Special Boarding Secondary School
History Grade 10 Hand Out
Author: Guye A. (MA)
November 2023
Dodola, Oromia

Socio-Economic and Political Developments in Ethiopia (1850s-1941)

Long-distance trade routes connected southern, northern, and eastern Ethiopia and the Horn.
Key trade centers included Bonga, Jiren/Hirmata, Saqa, Asandabo, Basso, Darita, and Gondar.
Trade routes branched westward through Chilga to Sudan and westward through Adwa, Asmara, and Massawa.
Major traded goods were ivory, civet musk, salt bars, and slaves.
Salt bars (amole) served as currency.
Maria Theresa Thaler (MTT) also circulated as currency, introduced from Austria.
Muslim merchants dominated interior to coastal trade, including Jeberti and Afkala Oromo merchants, Safari Somali, and Jelaba Sudanese groups.
Other prominent merchants were Argoba from Shewa.
Cottage industries were important for the economy, involving metalwork, pottery, tanning, carpentry, masonry, weaving, jewelry, and basket making.
Blacksmiths manufactured tools and agricultural implements.

The Making of the Modern Ethiopian State (1855-1913)

Kassa Hailu, of Quara, attempted to unify regions through strategies including alliances and military victories.
Kassa Hailu later became Tewodros II, King of Kings of Ethiopia.
Tewodros II implemented policies to unify Ethiopia territorially and militarily.
Tewodros II campaigned in Wallo and Shewa, culminating in his defeat of local resistance and establishing his power base.
Tewodros II introduced military titles like Yasr-Aleqa, Yamsa-Aleka, and Yeshi Aleqa.
He established an arms factory in Gafat to build Ethiopian weaponry.

The Making of Modern Ethiopian State (1855-1913)

Kassa Hailu, of Quara, attempted to unify regions through strategies including alliances and military victories.
Kassa Hailu later became Tewodros II, King of Kings of Ethiopia.
Tewodros II implemented policies to unify Ethiopia territorially and militarily.
Tewodros II campaigned in Wallo and Shewa, culminating in his defeat of local resistance and establishing his power base.
Tewodros II introduced military titles like Yasr-Aleqa, Yamsa-Aleka, and Yeshi Aleqa.
He established an arms factory in Gafat to build Ethiopian weaponry.
Tewodros II's reforms faced internal and external challenges.
His reign was marked by challenges associated with regionalism, conflict with the Church, and external pressures.

The Cottage Industries and Its Roles

Cottage industries are small-scale, decentralized manufacturing operations often based in homes.
They commonly involved labour-intensive production of goods, unlike factory-based mass production methods.
Traditional craftwork remained important within Ethiopia, including metalwork, pottery, carpentry, masonry and textiles.
Artisans played a crucial role in the socio-economic fabric of Ethiopia, in spite of societal marginalization.

External Aggressions and the Unity of Ethiopian People (1871-1896)

Ethiopia's territorial integrity was threatened by foreign powers like Egypt, the Mahdist Sudan, Great Britain, and Italy.
Tewodros II's conflicts with foreign powers led to confrontations with British forces.
The Egyptians aimed to control the Abay River’s source.
The Mahdist Sudan also expanded, creating tensions and conflict.
Yohannes IV resisted both Egyptian and Mahdist incursions.
Yohannes IV also faced military conflicts with Italy as well as maintaining conflict with internal groups.

The Inception of Power Struggle Among Ruling Elites (1906–1935)

Emperor Menilek took measures to lessen future power disputes by establishing a council of ministers to oversee potential succession issues.
The year 1906 marked a watershed moment for post-Adwa Ethiopia, where crucial succession questions arose.
Menilek suffered strokes, and his cousin Ras Mekonnen's death led to succession disputes.
Colonial powers like Britain, France, and Italy began shaping influence in neighboring regions, emphasizing the need for powerful leadership.
A tripartite treaty was formed by these colonial powers, in anticipation of potential power struggles.

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Explore the socio-economic and political evolution of Ethiopia from the 1850s to 1941 in this Grade 10 history quiz. Learn about the long-distance trade routes, key trade centers, and the important goods that shaped the region's economy. This quiz is essential for understanding the complex history of Ethiopia during this period.