History Exam 1 Chapters 1-4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What happens to a person in the colony of Maryland who criticizes Jesus Christ or denies the existence of God?

He will be put to death and his property will be confiscated by the Lords Proprietors of the Maryland colony.

Why would 'An Act Concerning Religion' be considered an important milestone in the history of religious tolerance in the Americas?

While all citizens must avow a belief in God and Jesus Christ as his son and savior of the world, they are free to practice that Christian belief in their own way.

What implicit conclusion can be drawn from the Maryland Act Concerning Negroes Other Slaves (1664) regarding relationships between races?

There were at least some white women who were married to black men in Maryland in 1664, something that was illegal 200 years later.

What view did Benjamin Franklin hold in 1751 regarding certain nationalities in the context of race?

He didn't think that French, Russian, German, and Swedish people are 'white.' Signup and view all the answers

What did Benjamin Franklin state in 1751 about increasing the population of blacks in America?

"Why increase the sons of Africa, by planting them in America, where we have so fair an opportunity, by excluding all Blacks and Tawneys, of increasing the lovely White and Red." Signup and view all the answers

According to Table 3.1, where did the largest number of migrants to British North American colonies come from between 1700 and 1775?

Africa Signup and view all the answers

The painting, A Quaker Meeting, illustrates the prominent place of ____________ in Quaker gatherings.

women Signup and view all the answers

Why were Quakers considered unusual in their time?

They considered 'liberty' a universal entitlement. Signup and view all the answers

The separation of church and state was the norm, as most colonies had taxes to pay the salary of clergy.

False Signup and view all the answers

As English colonial society became more structured in the 18th century, what were the effects on women?

Women's work became more clearly defined as tied closely to the home. Signup and view all the answers

What was key to making the enslavement of Africans an enduring economic and social institution in colonial America?

American slavery became perpetual, as the children of slaves were slaves too. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the colonists that proved most dangerous and harmful to Native Americans?

Farmers Signup and view all the answers

When did the first Americans arrive in the Americas?

At least 15,000 years ago, from Asia, through Alaska, traveling southward. Signup and view all the answers

What larger group were the Indian tribes in California part of before Europeans arrived?

Non-horticultural rancherian people. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Josephe, as mentioned in the Declaration of Josephe?

A Spanish-speaking American Indian from what is today called New Mexico. Signup and view all the answers

What was the chief focus question addressed in Chapter 1 regarding the Spanish Empire in America?

What were the chief features of the Spanish empire in America? Signup and view all the answers

What does the Requerimiento of 1510 serve as a justification for?

A statement of religious and legal justification for Spain's claim on newly discovered lands. Signup and view all the answers

What statement best describes the purpose of Document 2?

Document 2 describes what native people experienced as Spanish conquistadores entered their homeland. Signup and view all the answers

What role did religion play in the Spanish conquest of Latin America?

Many Spaniards believed that their Christian beliefs brought salvation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical significance of the description of the conquistadors' dogs?

It helps historians understand the implications of both the biological and technological exchange. Signup and view all the answers

Which focus question from Chapter 1 would an analysis of Document 2 help answer?

What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before Europeans arrived? Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of religious dissent in England during the first half of the seventeenth century?

A civil war. Signup and view all the answers

How did the separation of church and state in Massachusetts during the seventeenth century differ from today's U.S. government?

It did not resemble today's U.S. government. Signup and view all the answers

What was the root issue at the heart of the English Civil War in the 1640s?

A question of sovereignty. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key difference between indentured servants from England and slaves from Africa?

A child born to an indentured servant automatically belonged to the owner of the indentured servant. Signup and view all the answers

What drastically altered the way of life for Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast?

Disease and environmental factors. Signup and view all the answers

How did Puritans view individual and personal freedom?

Dangerous to social harmony and community stability. Signup and view all the answers

What summarizes the difference between the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Rhode Island regarding religious lives?

Massachusetts believed in a unified Protestant adherence, while Rhode Island's founders valued freedom of conscience. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Maryland, founded as a safe haven for Catholics, have many Protestants by the 1640s?

Maryland's policies and its appeal attracted many Protestants despite its founding intentions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 1: Native Americans and European Encounter

First Americans migrated from Asia through Alaska at least 15,000 years ago, spreading southward.
California was primarily populated by non-horticultural rancherian Indian tribes before European arrival.
The Declaration of Josephe concerns a Spanish-speaking American Indian from present-day New Mexico.
Image of "The Marriage of Captain Martin de Loyola to Beatriz Nusta" illustrates features of the Spanish Empire in America.
The Requerimiento of 1510 served as legal and religious justification for Spain's territorial claims, urging natives to accept Spanish rule or face violence.

Document 2: Native Perspectives and Conquest

"Motecuhzoma Awaits Word from the Messengers" captures the deep anxiety of an Aztec leader as Spanish forces approached.
The description emphasizes the psychological impact of the Spanish on indigenous populations, showcasing unfamiliar technologies and practices.
Document 2 highlights native experiences and understanding of the Spanish invasion, illustrating cultural clashes.
Spanish religious motives were driven by a belief in the obligation to share Christianity with indigenous peoples.

Chapter 2: Religious and Political Tensions in England and the Colonies

Religious dissent in seventeenth-century England led to the English Civil War, focused on who controlled government decisions.
Massachusetts’ separation of church and state differed greatly from contemporary U.S. standards, reflecting the era's stringent religious influences.
Understanding the historical significance of indentured servitude reveals differences with African slavery; servitude did not grant automatic belonging to an owner.
Disease and environmental changes significantly disrupted the lives of Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast.
Puritans viewed individual freedoms as a threat to the community's social harmony.

Comparative Colonial Governments

Massachusetts aimed for religious uniformity to form a godly society, contrasting with Rhode Island's emphasis on religious freedom and individual conscience.
The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 illustrated attempts to establish religious order while allowing for some degree of tolerance among diverse Protestant groups.### Punishments for Offending the Sabbath
Penalties imposed for profaning the Sabbath include imprisonment for first and second offenses.
Offenders must publicly acknowledge their wrongdoing in court.
A third offense results in public whipping.

Religious Tolerance in Maryland

The law promotes peaceful governance and mutual love among inhabitants.
Individuals professing belief in Jesus Christ are protected from persecution for their religion.
No one can be compelled to practice a religion against their will, as long as they comply with governance.

Consequences of Disturbing Religious Freedom

Offenders who disturb or molest believers face triple damages and a monetary fine.
Monetary penalties include a forfeiture of 20s sterling, split between the Lord Proprietary and the aggrieved party.
If unpaid, offenders can face imprisonment or public whipping.

Legal Enforcement Mechanisms

Sheriffs are authorized to seize and sell goods of offenders to satisfy fines or penalties.
Offenders can reclaim remaining goods after the satisfaction of imposed fines.

The colony sought to attract skilled laborers, primarily from the Protestant labor class.
Criticism of Jesus Christ or denial of God leads to severe penalties, including death and property confiscation.

Milestones in Religious Tolerance

"An Act Concerning Religion" is considered significant for religious tolerance, allowing Christians to exercise their faith freely within specified bounds.

The Maryland Act concerning slaves indicates some interracial marriages existed, which became illegal over time.
Benjamin Franklin expressed exclusionary views concerning the population in America, particularly around race and ethnicity.

Migration Trends

The table indicates a notable influx of migrants from Africa to British North American colonies between 1700 and 1775.

Role of Women in Society

Quaker meetings prominently featured women, showcasing their influence in religious gatherings.
As society structured in the 18th century, women's roles became more defined and closely tied to domestic responsibilities.

Perpetual Slavery in America

The enslavement of Africans evolved into a perpetual institution, with children of slaves also becoming enslaved, distinguishing it from other forms of servitude globally.

Impact of Farming on Native Americans

Farmers posed the greatest danger to Native Americans, leading to significant disruption and harm to indigenous communities.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering Chapters 1-4 from the textbook 'Give Me Liberty!'. Each card presents key facts about the early Americans and their migration, as well as the indigenous populations in California. Perfect for studying for your history exam.