History Chapter 6 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What did the Supreme Court rule in the Northern Securities v. United States case?

Morgan's firm had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. (correct)

The case was dismissed.

Morgan's firm had not violated any laws.

Northern Securities was working within legal boundaries.

By 1920, what had the Interstate Commerce Commission started to do?

Setting rates at levels intended to ensure the industry profits.

What did the Underwood Tariff Act include?

A provision to reduce the average tariffs on imported goods to about 30% and provided for the first federal graduated income tax.

How could companies become efficient according to scientific management?

By breaking tools down into smaller parts and using standardized tools. Signup and view all the answers

What was the lassiez faire argument for preserving public land?

To sell it to lumber companies. Signup and view all the answers

What were journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption called?

Muckrakers. Signup and view all the answers

Who originally elected US senators?

By the legislators in each state. Signup and view all the answers

What action did Roosevelt take in early 1901 under the Sherman Antitrust Act?

Ordered a lawsuit against Northern Securities. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the 1905 meeting of African-American leaders?

The launching of a campaign for political rights and responsibilities for African-Americans. Signup and view all the answers

How did the personalities of Roosevelt and Taft compare?

Taft was calm, quiet, and unnoticeable, as opposed to Roosevelt’s fiery personality. Signup and view all the answers

What were Theodore Roosevelt's views on trusts during the election campaign of 1912?

He expressed mixed feelings about its value in preparing him for public service. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Richard A. Ballinger?

A conservative corporate lawyer. Signup and view all the answers

What did Ida Tarbell focus on?

Exposing the unfair practices of large corporations. Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Children's Bureau?

Investigating and publicizing the problems of child labor. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Meat Inspection Act achieve?

Passed on the same day in 1904 as the Pure Food and Drug Act. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Sixteenth Amendment do?

Gave the federal government the power to levy an income tax. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Seventeenth Amendment known for?

It is known as a direct-election amendment. Signup and view all the answers

What did Prohibition entail?

Laws banning the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Nineteenth Amendment guarantee?

Guaranteed women the right to vote. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antitrust and Regulation

In Northern Securities v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that Northern Securities violated the Sherman Antitrust Act.
By 1920, the Interstate Commerce Commission shifted focus from regulation to setting rates that ensured industry profits.

Economic Legislation

The Underwood Tariff Act reduced average tariffs on imports to about 30% and established the first federal graduated income tax.
The Sixteenth Amendment empowered the federal government to levy income taxes.

Management and Land Use

Scientific management improved efficiency through the breakdown of processes into smaller tasks with standardized tools.
The laissez-faire argument suggested that the best way to preserve public land was to sell it to lumber companies.

Investigative Journalism

Muckrakers were investigative journalists who exposed social conditions and political corruption.

Political Structure and Reform

Originally, U.S. Senators were elected by state legislators.
In early 1901, Roosevelt ordered a lawsuit against Northern Securities under the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Civil Rights Movement

A 1905 meeting involving W.E.B. Du Bois and other African-American leaders aimed at demanding political rights led to the formation of the Niagara Movement.

Presidential Personalities and Policies

Taft was characterized as calm and quiet, contrasting sharply with Roosevelt's energetic and vibrant personality.
During the 1912 election, Roosevelt had mixed feelings on the value of trusts, reflecting his complex views on business regulation.

Key Figures and Agencies

Richard A. Ballinger was a conservative corporate lawyer involved in preservation debates.
Ida Tarbell focused on revealing the unfair practices of large corporations, particularly in the oil industry.
The Children's Bureau was established to investigate and publicize issues surrounding child labor.

Significant Legislation

The Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act were passed together in 1906, aimed at ensuring food safety.
The Seventeenth Amendment established direct election of U.S. Senators.
Prohibition laws banned the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages.
The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote, marking a significant advancement in women's rights.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 6 of your history textbook. Explore important cases and legislative acts that shaped U.S. history in the early 20th century. See how major events impacted government regulation and industry.