Geography of Northern Mountains Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What climatic condition contributes to the low population density in the Northern Mountains?

  • Severe climate making it inhospitable (correct)
  • Abundant rainfall all year round
  • Frequent earthquakes and landslides
  • High temperatures in summer

Which of the following crops is commonly cultivated in the Northern Mountains?

  • Rice
  • Cotton
  • Sugarcane
  • Wheat (correct)

What is a primary source of livelihood for residents of the Northern Mountains aside from agriculture?

  • Fishing
  • Mining for gold
  • Manufacturing textiles
  • Lumbering (correct)

What role do the snow-capped peaks play in the ecosystem of the Northern Mountains?

<p>They melt in summer to irrigate river systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is vital for trade connectivity to neighboring countries?

<p>Historic passes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of farming is primarily practiced in the river valleys of the Northern Mountains?

<p>Terraced farming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fruits is NOT typically grown in the Northern Mountains?

<p>Mango (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the climate of the upper Indus plain benefit agricultural practices?

<p>It remains above freezing, promoting year-round farming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest pass in the region mentioned?

<p>Karakoram Pass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rivers provide drainage to the area discussed?

<p>River Hunza, River Gilgit, and River Karakoram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant climatic characteristic of the region?

<p>Very cold with precipitation primarily as snow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to water supply in the region during cold weather?

<p>It becomes limited due to freezing in pipes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographical feature describes the average height of the Himalayas?

<p>About 4000 meters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sub-range of the Himalayas is known to be the southernmost?

<p>Siwaliks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate height range of the Lesser Himalayas?

<p>1800-4500 meters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forced the residents in the region to adopt indoor activities?

<p>Isolation due to heavy snow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average height range of the Potwar Plateau?

<p>300 to 600 meters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which river is NOT part of the drainage system of the Potwar Plateau?

<p>River Indus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are khaderas in the context of the Potwar Plateau?

<p>Gullies and ravines in the region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is NOT commonly found in the Potwar Plateau?

<p>Copper (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the southern boundary of the Potwar Plateau?

<p>Salt ranges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lakes is part of the inland drainage system of the Potwar Plateau?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of the topography of the Potwar Plateau?

<p>Bad land topography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mountain ranges is NOT mentioned in relation to the Potwar Plateau?

<p>Himalayan range (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rivers are classified as minor tributaries of the Indus River?

<p>Kabul, Gilgit, Kurram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the left-hand tributaries from the right-hand tributaries of the Indus?

<p>Left-hand tributaries are larger and carry more water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographical features can be found in the Upper Indus Plain?

<p>Meanders and oxbow lakes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the River Indus flow before reaching the Arabian Sea?

<p>As the Panjnad River (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average width of the Indus River near Sukkur?

<p>1.6 km (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Upper Indus Plain primarily characterized?

<p>It consists of a nearly flat, undulating plain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of agricultural advantages does the Upper Indus Plain provide?

<p>A network of perennial and link canals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the confluence at Mithankot?

<p>It is the meeting point for several major tributaries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mountain range is located to the extreme north of the Balochistan Plateau?

<p>Toba Kakar Range (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major occupation in the Balochistan Plateau region?

<p>Marine fishing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rivers is part of the drainage system in the Balochistan Plateau?

<p>River Mula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What climatic condition is mentioned as being ideal for agriculture in Balochistan?

<p>Ideal conditions for flowering and ripening vegetable seeds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coastal area is known for its narrow beach and rock cliffs?

<p>Makran Coast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does farming occur in the Balochistan Plateau?

<p>Through Karez irrigation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options best describes the population density in Balochistan?

<p>Very low, around 21 persons/sq.km (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the inland drainage system of the Balochistan Plateau?

<p>Water from rivers or streams is absorbed into land or collects in lakes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily distinguishes the Kachhi-Sibi Plain from other plains mentioned?

<p>It is considered a barren area heavily dominated by heat and aridity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geographic feature is characteristic of the Lower Indus Plain?

<p>Flat, undulating plains sloping towards the south. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant function of the River Indus as it flows through the Lower Indus Plain?

<p>Facilitating heavy sediment deposition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cuesta in geological terms?

<p>A ridge of limestone with a steep slope and gentle slope. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is best known for cotton cultivation?

<p>Bahawalpur Plain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographical area does the Ghaggar channel way border?

<p>Bahawalpur Plain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the River Indus approaches the Arabian Sea?

<p>It forms a delta due to reduced speed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Indus/Tidal Delta?

<p>It is an area where the river sand and clay are deposited. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Karakoram Mountain Range

The Karakoram mountain range features deep valleys, sharp cliffs, and high passes like the Karakoram Pass, the highest pass in the world.

Karakoram Highway (KKH)

The Karakoram Highway, also known as the Silk Route, is a significant road linking Pakistan and China through the Karakoram mountain range.

Glaciers in the Karakoram

The Siachin, Hispar, Baifo, Baltoro, and Batura are large masses of ice found in the higher valleys of the Karakoram range.

Climate of the Karakoram

The Karakoram range experiences very cold temperatures, often below freezing, with a large temperature difference between day and night.

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Impact of Climate on Karakoram Lifestyle

The Karakoram's harsh climate makes agriculture challenging due to freezing temperatures and limited access to water.

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The Himalayas

The Himalayas are a mountain range located south of the Karakoram range, consisting of three parallel ranges: the Siwaliks, Lesser Himalayas, and Central Himalayas.

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The Siwaliks

The Siwaliks are the southernmost range of the Himalayas, with an average altitude of 600-1200 meters. These ranges have been folded and faulted due to the movement of the earth's crust.

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The Lesser Himalayas

The Lesser Himalayas, situated north of the Siwaliks, have an altitude ranging from 1800-4500 meters. They are also characterized by folded and faulted formations.

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Transhumance

The practice of moving livestock seasonally between high altitude pastures in the summer and low altitude areas in the winter.

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Northern Mountains of Pakistan

These mountains are located in northern Pakistan, and they influence the climate and economy of the region. They are also important for their natural resources and scenic beauty.

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Protection from Cold Winds

The Northern Mountains of Pakistan act as a natural barrier, protecting the Indus Plain from the cold winds blowing from Central Asia.

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Irrigation from the Mountains

The Northern Mountains provide essential irrigation to the Indus Plain through the melting snow that feeds the Indus River and its tributaries.

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Natural Resources of the Mountains

The Northern Mountains are home to valuable resources like timber, minerals, and fruits, which support various industries.

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Karakoram Highway

A land route known as the Karakoram Highway, which crosses through the Northern Mountains, facilitating trade.

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Natural Border

The Northern Mountains provide a natural border between Pakistan and countries like China and Afghanistan.

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Agriculture in the Mountains

The Northern Mountains are home to diverse agricultural practices, including terrace farming and the cultivation of various crops and fruits.

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What is the Balochistan Plateau?

A large, elevated area of land characterized by a series of interconnected mountain ranges, plateaus, and hills.

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List some key mountain ranges of the Balochistan Plateau.

The Toba Kakar Range, Kalat Plateau, Khuzdar Knot, Chagai Hills, Ras Koh Range, Siahan Range, and Central Makran are some of the prominent mountain ranges in the region.

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Describe the coastal areas of the Balochistan Plateau.

Located in the southeastern part of Balochistan Plateau, this area encompasses the Lasbela Plain and Makran Coast.

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What is the main occupation of the people living on the Balochistan Plateau?

The primary occupation of the Balochistan Plateau is animal husbandry (goat and sheep rearing).

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How is farming practiced in the Balochistan Plateau?

The 'karez' system, a traditional irrigation method, is widely used for farming across the Balochistan Plateau.

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Name some key rivers and lakes within the drainage system of the Balochistan Plateau.

The Balochistan Plateau's drainage system primarily relies on rivers and lakes like Hingol, Zhob, Porali, Mula, Dasht, Hamun Makshel, Hamun Lora, and Hamun Mergo.

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Explain the concept of inland drainage in the Balochistan Plateau.

The Balochistan Plateau exhibits an inland drainage system where water from rivers or streams gets absorbed into the land or collects in lakes, not reaching a major river or the sea.

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Name some key lakes that make up the inland drainage system of the Balochistan Plateau.

The Balochistan Plateau's inland drainage system comprises lakes like Hamun Makshel, Hamun Lora, and Hamun Mergo.

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Plateau

A large, relatively flat upland area, often surrounded by steep slopes. Think of it as a giant table!

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Potwar Plateau Location

The Potwar Plateau is located in northwestern Punjab, covering a vast area of 18,000 square kilometers. It's a significant landform in the region.

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Potwar Plateau Altitude

The Potwar Plateau's elevation ranges from 300 to 600 meters, making it a moderately high plateau. Imagine a big table a few stories high!

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Potwar Plateau Topography

The Potwar Plateau is a 'badland' landscape, characterized by deep gullies, ravines, and ridges. Imagine a table with deep grooves carved into it!

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Lakes on Potwar Plateau

Kallar Kahar, Khabeki, and Uchali are three important lakes located on the Potwar Plateau. Think of them as shimmering pools on a table!

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Drainage System of Potwar Plateau

The drainage system of the Potwar Plateau is defined by rivers like Soan, Korang, Harro, Sill, and Dharab. Imagine water flowing across a tabletop!

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Mountain Ranges of Potwar Plateau

The Potwar Plateau features several important mountain ranges, including the Kala Chitta, Margalla Hills, Salt Ranges, and Bakralla Ridges. Picture hills rising around a table!

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Salt Ranges Location

The Salt Ranges are found to the south of the Potwar Plateau. Think of the Salt Ranges as a wall at the bottom of a tilted table!

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What is a tributary?

A river or stream that flows into a larger river or lake.

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Compare the size of Indus River's eastern and western tributaries.

The Indus River receives tributaries from both the east and west, but the eastern tributaries are larger and carry more water.

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Name the major rivers that flow into the Indus River from the east.

The Indus River's eastern tributaries are the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej. These rivers are important for their large water volumes and sediment transport.

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What is the Upper Indus Plain?

The Indus plain is divided into two regions: The Upper Indus Plain and the Lower Indus Plain. The Upper Indus Plain is the region between Attock and Mithankot.

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Describe the geographical characteristics of the Upper Indus Plain.

The Upper Indus Plain is located in the northern part of the Indus Plain and stretches across Punjab Province. It's a nearly flat plain sloping gently towards the southwest.

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Explain the river system in the Upper Indus Plain.

The Indus River and its main tributaries flow through the Upper Indus Plain, where the Jhelum, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers join the Chenab at Panjnad. This combined flow then merges with the Indus near Mithankot.

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What are some landforms found in the Upper Indus Plain due to river activity?

The Indus River forms meanders, oxbow lakes, braided channels, and levees in the doab areas of the Upper Indus Plain. These features are formed by the river's interaction with the land.

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Why is the Upper Indus Plain suitable for agriculture and industry?

The Upper Indus Plain contains fertile land with large doabs and bars, making it ideal for agriculture and industrial development. The region also benefits from a network of canals providing water for irrigation.

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Lower Indus Plain

A plain in southern Pakistan, known for its flat, undulating landscape and the flow of the River Indus.

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Cuesta

A ridge of limestone, characterized by a steep slope on one side (scarp) and a gentler slope on the other side (dip-slope).

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Delta

The deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river, forming a triangular shape.

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Deposition in Lower Indus Plain

The process of sediment deposition, where the river's speed slows down due to factors like load and low gradient.

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Meanders, Oxbow Lakes, Braided Channels and Levees

A feature found in the Lower Indus Plain, formed by the meandering of the Indus River.

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Kacchi-Sibi Plain

A dry region in Pakistan, located between the Marri-Bugti Ranges and the Kalat Range.

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Ideal for Industries and Agriculture

The Lower Indus Plain is an ideal location for industries and agriculture due to its flat land, fertile soil, and access to water.

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Importance of Cuestas

The presence of Cuestas (limestone ridges) in the Lower Indus Plain is important for the construction of barrages for irrigation.

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Study Notes

Pakistan Geography - O Level

  •  Pakistan Geography is a combination of two words: Geo (land/earth) and Graphy (description).
  • It describes the land/earth.
  •  Pakistan is situated between 24° to 37° North latitudes and 61° to 76.5° East longitudes, covering an area of 796,096 square kilometers.
  •  It extends over 1600 km from north to south and 885 km from east to west.
  • Pakistan borders Afghanistan (2252 km), China (585 km), Iran, and India, as well as the Arabian Sea to the south.
  •  Pakistan has five provinces: Balochistan, Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Gilgit-Baltistan.
  •  East Pakistan was separated in 1971 to become Bangladesh.

Topography

  • Topography studies and describes the surface features of land, both natural and artificial.
  •  Pakistan's topography is divided into seven major zones: Northern Mountains, Western Mountains, Balochistan Plateau, Potwar Plateau and Salt Ranges, Indus Plain, and Desert Areas.

Northern Mountains

  • Composed of three mountain ranges: Karakoram, Himalayas, and Hindu Kush
  •  Karakoram Range: Located north of the Indus River, stretching from Hunza to Shyok; average height 6000 m; K2 is its second highest peak.
  •  Himalayas: South of the Karakoram; average height is 4000 m; includes Siwaliks, Lesser Himalayas, and Central Himalayas; famous for Mount Everest in its Central Himalayas section
  •  Hindu Kush: West of the Karakoram and Himalayas, spans Pakistan's northwestern border with Afghanistan.
  •  Important passes and valleys (e.g. Khyber Pass, Shandur Pass, Hunza Valley).
  •  Climate characterized by extreme cold, heavy snow, and large daily temperature fluctuations.
  •  Activities like transhumance (seasonal migration) and terraced farming are common.

Western Mountains

  •  Lie in the western part of Pakistan, stretching along the border with Afghanistan, and are lower than the Northern mountains.
  •  Include Waziristan hills, Sulaiman ranges, Kirthar ranges.
  •  They are generally lower in altitude than the Northern Ranges.
  •  Mountain ranges are important passes (e.g., Khyber Pass, Bolan Pass)
  •  More typical desert-like regions in the west.

Balochistan Plateau

  •  Located west of the Sulaiman and Kirthar ranges, spanning 347,190 square kilometers; an upland region with slopes.
  •  Its altitude varies from 600–3000 meters.
  •  The area is dry; vegetation is limited, rivers are temporary or intermittent.
  •  Rich in natural resources, such as gas, minerals (like oil, gold, and copper).

Potwar Plateau and Salt Ranges

  •  Located in the Northwest of the Punjab Province, covering roughly 18,000 km².
  •  Has an average height of 300-600 m.
  •  Its northern boundary is marked by the Kala Chitta and Margalla hills, and the south by the salt ranges.
  •  The area is composed of ravines, ridges, and gullies.
  •  Contains rocks, like limestone, and resources like salt, gypsum, and coal

Indus Plain

  •  A vast flatland formed by the Indus River and its tributaries, extending to the Arabian Sea.
  •  It's formed by alluvium (sediments deposited by the river).
  •  Divisible into Upper and Lower sections
  •  Upper Section: between Attock to Mithankot and wider.
  •  Lower section: between Mithankot to Thatta and narrower
  •  Ideal for agriculture.

Desert Areas

  •  Pakistan has three major desert regions: the Thar, Cholistan, and Kharan deserts.
  •  Hot summers and mild winters are characteristic with very low rainfall.
  •  Suitable for the rearing of animals like goats and sheep.
  •  Limited agricultural activities.

Other Features

  •  Avalanches, landslides, are common in mountainous areas.
  •  Rivers are significant for water resources, with the Indus River being the largest.
  •  Climate varies greatly, moving from a high altitude cold climate to a semi-arid/arid climate in the southwest

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Test your knowledge on the Northern Mountains, focusing on their climate, agriculture, and geography. This quiz covers various aspects including crop cultivation, livelihood sources, and trade connectivity in the region. Perfect for students studying geography and environmental science.

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