Geography of Northern Mountains Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What climatic condition contributes to the low population density in the Northern Mountains?

  • Severe climate making it inhospitable (correct)
  • Abundant rainfall all year round
  • Frequent earthquakes and landslides
  • High temperatures in summer

    • Which of the following crops is commonly cultivated in the Northern Mountains?

  • Rice
  • Cotton
  • Sugarcane
  • Wheat (correct)

    • What is a primary source of livelihood for residents of the Northern Mountains aside from agriculture?

  • Fishing
  • Mining for gold
  • Manufacturing textiles
  • Lumbering (correct)

    • What role do the snow-capped peaks play in the ecosystem of the Northern Mountains?

    <p>They melt in summer to irrigate river systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is vital for trade connectivity to neighboring countries?

    <p>Historic passes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of farming is primarily practiced in the river valleys of the Northern Mountains?

    <p>Terraced farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fruits is NOT typically grown in the Northern Mountains?

    <p>Mango</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the climate of the upper Indus plain benefit agricultural practices?

    <p>It remains above freezing, promoting year-round farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest pass in the region mentioned?

    <p>Karakoram Pass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rivers provide drainage to the area discussed?

    <p>River Hunza, River Gilgit, and River Karakoram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant climatic characteristic of the region?

    <p>Very cold with precipitation primarily as snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to water supply in the region during cold weather?

    <p>It becomes limited due to freezing in pipes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical feature describes the average height of the Himalayas?

    <p>About 4000 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sub-range of the Himalayas is known to be the southernmost?

    <p>Siwaliks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate height range of the Lesser Himalayas?

    <p>1800-4500 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forced the residents in the region to adopt indoor activities?

    <p>Isolation due to heavy snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average height range of the Potwar Plateau?

    <p>300 to 600 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river is NOT part of the drainage system of the Potwar Plateau?

    <p>River Indus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are khaderas in the context of the Potwar Plateau?

    <p>Gullies and ravines in the region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is NOT commonly found in the Potwar Plateau?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the southern boundary of the Potwar Plateau?

    <p>Salt ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lakes is part of the inland drainage system of the Potwar Plateau?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of the topography of the Potwar Plateau?

    <p>Bad land topography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mountain ranges is NOT mentioned in relation to the Potwar Plateau?

    <p>Himalayan range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rivers are classified as minor tributaries of the Indus River?

    <p>Kabul, Gilgit, Kurram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the left-hand tributaries from the right-hand tributaries of the Indus?

    <p>Left-hand tributaries are larger and carry more water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical features can be found in the Upper Indus Plain?

    <p>Meanders and oxbow lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the River Indus flow before reaching the Arabian Sea?

    <p>As the Panjnad River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average width of the Indus River near Sukkur?

    <p>1.6 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Upper Indus Plain primarily characterized?

    <p>It consists of a nearly flat, undulating plain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of agricultural advantages does the Upper Indus Plain provide?

    <p>A network of perennial and link canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the confluence at Mithankot?

    <p>It is the meeting point for several major tributaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mountain range is located to the extreme north of the Balochistan Plateau?

    <p>Toba Kakar Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major occupation in the Balochistan Plateau region?

    <p>Marine fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following rivers is part of the drainage system in the Balochistan Plateau?

    <p>River Mula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What climatic condition is mentioned as being ideal for agriculture in Balochistan?

    <p>Ideal conditions for flowering and ripening vegetable seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coastal area is known for its narrow beach and rock cliffs?

    <p>Makran Coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does farming occur in the Balochistan Plateau?

    <p>Through Karez irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options best describes the population density in Balochistan?

    <p>Very low, around 21 persons/sq.km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the inland drainage system of the Balochistan Plateau?

    <p>Water from rivers or streams is absorbed into land or collects in lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily distinguishes the Kachhi-Sibi Plain from other plains mentioned?

    <p>It is considered a barren area heavily dominated by heat and aridity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographic feature is characteristic of the Lower Indus Plain?

    <p>Flat, undulating plains sloping towards the south.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant function of the River Indus as it flows through the Lower Indus Plain?

    <p>Facilitating heavy sediment deposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cuesta in geological terms?

    <p>A ridge of limestone with a steep slope and gentle slope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is best known for cotton cultivation?

    <p>Bahawalpur Plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical area does the Ghaggar channel way border?

    <p>Bahawalpur Plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the River Indus approaches the Arabian Sea?

    <p>It forms a delta due to reduced speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Indus/Tidal Delta?

    <p>It is an area where the river sand and clay are deposited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pakistan Geography - O Level

    •  Pakistan Geography is a combination of two words: Geo (land/earth) and Graphy (description).
    • It describes the land/earth.
    •  Pakistan is situated between 24° to 37° North latitudes and 61° to 76.5° East longitudes, covering an area of 796,096 square kilometers.
    •  It extends over 1600 km from north to south and 885 km from east to west.
    • Pakistan borders Afghanistan (2252 km), China (585 km), Iran, and India, as well as the Arabian Sea to the south.
    •  Pakistan has five provinces: Balochistan, Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Gilgit-Baltistan.
    •  East Pakistan was separated in 1971 to become Bangladesh.

    Topography

    • Topography studies and describes the surface features of land, both natural and artificial.
    •  Pakistan's topography is divided into seven major zones: Northern Mountains, Western Mountains, Balochistan Plateau, Potwar Plateau and Salt Ranges, Indus Plain, and Desert Areas.

    Northern Mountains

    • Composed of three mountain ranges: Karakoram, Himalayas, and Hindu Kush
    •  Karakoram Range: Located north of the Indus River, stretching from Hunza to Shyok; average height 6000 m; K2 is its second highest peak.
    •  Himalayas: South of the Karakoram; average height is 4000 m; includes Siwaliks, Lesser Himalayas, and Central Himalayas; famous for Mount Everest in its Central Himalayas section
    •  Hindu Kush: West of the Karakoram and Himalayas, spans Pakistan's northwestern border with Afghanistan.
    •  Important passes and valleys (e.g. Khyber Pass, Shandur Pass, Hunza Valley).
    •  Climate characterized by extreme cold, heavy snow, and large daily temperature fluctuations.
    •  Activities like transhumance (seasonal migration) and terraced farming are common.

    Western Mountains

    •  Lie in the western part of Pakistan, stretching along the border with Afghanistan, and are lower than the Northern mountains.
    •  Include Waziristan hills, Sulaiman ranges, Kirthar ranges.
    •  They are generally lower in altitude than the Northern Ranges.
    •  Mountain ranges are important passes (e.g., Khyber Pass, Bolan Pass)
    •  More typical desert-like regions in the west.

    Balochistan Plateau

    •  Located west of the Sulaiman and Kirthar ranges, spanning 347,190 square kilometers; an upland region with slopes.
    •  Its altitude varies from 600–3000 meters.
    •  The area is dry; vegetation is limited, rivers are temporary or intermittent.
    •  Rich in natural resources, such as gas, minerals (like oil, gold, and copper).

    Potwar Plateau and Salt Ranges

    •  Located in the Northwest of the Punjab Province, covering roughly 18,000 km².
    •  Has an average height of 300-600 m.
    •  Its northern boundary is marked by the Kala Chitta and Margalla hills, and the south by the salt ranges.
    •  The area is composed of ravines, ridges, and gullies.
    •  Contains rocks, like limestone, and resources like salt, gypsum, and coal

    Indus Plain

    •  A vast flatland formed by the Indus River and its tributaries, extending to the Arabian Sea.
    •  It's formed by alluvium (sediments deposited by the river).
    •  Divisible into Upper and Lower sections
    •  Upper Section: between Attock to Mithankot and wider.
    •  Lower section: between Mithankot to Thatta and narrower
    •  Ideal for agriculture.

    Desert Areas

    •  Pakistan has three major desert regions: the Thar, Cholistan, and Kharan deserts.
    •  Hot summers and mild winters are characteristic with very low rainfall.
    •  Suitable for the rearing of animals like goats and sheep.
    •  Limited agricultural activities.

    Other Features

    •  Avalanches, landslides, are common in mountainous areas.
    •  Rivers are significant for water resources, with the Indus River being the largest.
    •  Climate varies greatly, moving from a high altitude cold climate to a semi-arid/arid climate in the southwest

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Northern Mountains, focusing on their climate, agriculture, and geography. This quiz covers various aspects including crop cultivation, livelihood sources, and trade connectivity in the region. Perfect for students studying geography and environmental science.

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